Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences is published by Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University (Bali Island, Indonesia). Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal aiming to communicate high-quality research in the field of medicine and health sciences. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity in health sciences and to encourage a vigorous dialogue between medical scholars and practitioners. The Journal welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and medical researchers all over the world.