AKTIFITAS ANTIINFLAMASI TOPIKAL MINYAK ATSIRI DAN EKSTRAK ETER TUMBUHAN TENGGULUN, PROTIUM JAVANICUM, BURM TERHADAP MODEL INFLAMASI KULIT PADA TIKUS
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Tenggulun (Protium javanicum, Burm ) secara tradisional telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat Bali sebagai tanaman obat untuk mengobati bengkak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak eter kulit batang dan minyak atsiri daun tengulun pada udem (inflamasi) telinga tikus yang diinduksi TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) secara topikal. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi dan isolasi minyak atsiri dengan distilasi uap. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari lima ekor tikus. Inflamasi diukur 6 jam setelah perlakuan. Hasil triturasi 180g ekstrak etanol kulit batang tenggulun diperoleh 6,30 g ekstrak dietil eter dan hasil distilasi uap 4,5 kg daun segar diperoleh 2,5 g minyak atsiri. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak kulit batang tenggulun mengandung senyawa golongan terpenoid dan minyak atsiri mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, dan steroid. Hasil uji aktifitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan bahwa persentase hambatan peradangan dari ekstrak tenggulun didapatkan : KEI (58,34%) , KEII (54,17%) , KEIII (45,85%) dan KAI (50,02%) yang menunjukkan hambatan yang tidak berbeda secara bermakna dengan hambatan yang diberikan oleh kontrol positip KP (62,50%). Ekstrak eter 12 mg dan 20 mg masih memberikan hambatan peradangan yang lebih besar dari minyak atsiri 20 mg. Hasil uji histologi menunjukkan ekstrak eter dan minyak atsiri dapat menghambat migrasi sel radang lebih dari 50%. Jumlah sel radang yang bermigrasi ke daerah peradangan sebanyak 17 sel untuk ekstrak eter dosis 20 mg/telinga dan 20 sel radang untuk minyak atsiri dosis 20 mg/ telinga. Dengan induksi TPA jumlah sel radang yang bermigrasi ke daerah peradangan sebanyak 64 sel
ABSTRACT: Protium javanicum, Burm (Tenggulun) has been used traditionally in Bali as medicines to treat inflamation. This research aimed to evaluate topical anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark ether extract and essential oil of leaves on ear edema rats induced by TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). Extraction of stem bark was done by maceration and the essential oil was produced by steam distillation. Complete Randomized Design with nine treatment groups was used in this study. Each of the treatment had five repetitions. The inflammation was measured after 6 hours of treatment. Trituration of 180 g crude ethanol extract with ether gave 6.30 g ether extract and steam distillation of 4.5 kg fresh leaves yielded 2.5 g of the essential oil. Phytochemical study showed that stem bark ether extract only contained triterpenoid while the essential oil of leaves contained flavonoid, terpenoid, and steroid compounds. The yield of % inhibited antiinflamatory activity showed that KEI (58,34%), KEII (54,17%), KEIII (45,85%) and KAI (50,02%) was insignificantly different to positive control dexamethason which inhibited inflammation by 62.50%. The result of histology test showed that ether extracts and essential oils can inhibit the formation of inflammatory cells of more than 50%. Dosis of 20 mg/ear of ether extract (formed 17 inflammatory cells) and 20 mg/ear of essential oil (formed 20 inflammatory cells) can inhibit the formation of inflammatory cells induced by TPA (formed 64 of inflammatory cells).
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References
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