Artikel Riview: Penanganan dan Pencegahan Kejadian Histomoniasis pada Unggas
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https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i03.p08
Abstrak
Histomoniasis adalah penyakit parasit protozoa yang disebabkan oleh Histomonas meleagridis. Tanda-tanda klinis pada histomoniasis berkembang 6-12 hari pasca infeksi, dan paling sering terjadi pada 11 hari pasca-infeksi, dan termasuk kelesuan, kekurusan, bulu tidak terawat, diare berwarna kuning, kotoran pada tahap akhir penyakit seperti belerang ketika fungsi hati rusak parah, dan pigmen empedu dikeluarkan melalui ginjal. Lesi diamati terutama di hati dan sekum. Lesi hati yang khas digambarkan berupa nekrosis yang berwarna kuning hingga abu-abu, hijau, atau merah. Ukuran lesi sangat bervariasi, tetapi biasanya berdiameter 1-2 cm, dan dapat menyatu untuk membentuk area nekrosis yang lebih besar. Ceca paling sering membesar secara bilateral, dengan penebalan dinding cecal. Diagnosis dapat dibuat berdasarkan tanda-tanda klinis dan lesi yang khas pada hati dan/atau sekum. Lesi target yang berkembang dengan baik di hati +/- lesi cecal adalah patognomonik untuk penyakit ini. Karena tidak ada produk kemoterapi yang disetujui dan tersedia untuk pengobatan histomoniasis, tindakan pengendalian difokuskan pada pencegahan
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Referensi
Araújo JL, Olinda RG, Frade MTS, Maia LA, Dantas AFM. 2015. Histomoniasis outbreak in free-range chickens in semiarid Paraíba, Brazil. Recebido para publicaÁo 15/09/14 Aprovado em 17/10/14
Callait-Cardinal MP, Leroux S, Venereau E, Chauve CM, Le Pottier G, Zenner L .2007. Incidence of histomonosis in turkeys in France since the bans of dimetridazole and nifursol. Vet. Rec. 161(17): 581-585.
Chute MB, Chute AM. 1969. Freeze preservation of Histomonas meleagridis. Poult. Sci. 48: 2189-2191.
Cortes PL, Chin RP, Bland MC, Crespo R, Shivaprasad HL. 2004. Histomoniasis in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Avian Dis. 48(3): 711-715.
Dolka, Żbikowski A, Dolka I, Szeleszczuk P. 2015. Histomonosis an existing problem in chicken flocks in Poland Beata. Vet. Res. Commun. 39: 189-195.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2009. Status of MRL procedures. MRL assessments in the context of Council Regulations (EEC) No 2377/90. EMEA/CVMP/765/99- Rev.23, 1–19
FDA. 2015a. FDA announces pending withdrawal of approval of nitarsone. Rockville, MD: FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine.
FDA. 2015b. Title 21. food and drugs, chapter i-food and drug administration, Department of Health and Human Services, subchapter E-animal drugs, feeds, and related products, part 530 – extralabel drug use in animals, subpart e-safe levels for extralabel use of drugs in animals and drugs prohibited from extralabel use in animals. 530.41. Code of Federal Regulations 6 (revised as of April 1, 2015).
Fitz-Coy SH. 2013. Parasitic diseases. Avian Disease Manual, 7th 122 ed. Edited by Bouilanne MML, Brash BR, Charlton SH, Fitz-Coy RM, Fulton RJ, Julian MW, Jackwood D. Ojkic LJ, Newman JE, Sander HL, Shivaprasad E, Wallner-Pendleton, Woolcock PR. Pp 168-169.
Gonder E, Tilley B. 2016. A recurrence of blackhead in young turkey breeder toms in a house that had experienced blackhead many years previously. Proc. AAAP/AVMA Blackhead Mini-symposium.
Grabensteiner E, Hess M. 2006. Pcr for the identi¿cation and differentiation of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis spp. Vet. Parasitol. 142(4): 223-230.
Hauck R, Balczulat S, Hafez HM. 2010. Detection of DNA of histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in german poultry flocks between 2004 and 2008. Avian Dis. 54: 1021-1025.
Hu J, Fuller L, Armstrong PL, McDougald LR. 2006. Histomonas meleagridis in chickens: attempted transmission in the absence of vectors. Avian Dis. 50: 277-279.
Jones KH. 2005. Histomoniasis (blackhead). Aviagen: Technical update, volume 2.
Liebhart D, Sulejmanovic T, Grafl B, Tichy A, Hess M. 2013. Vaccination against histomonosis prevents a drop in egg production in layers following challenge. Avian Pathol. 42(1): 79-84.
Liu D, Kong L, Tao J, Xu J. 2015. An outbreak of Histomoniasis in backyard sanhuang chickens. Korean J. Parasitol. 56(6): 597-602.
Lotfi A, Hauck R, Olias P, Hafez HM. 2014. Pathogenesis of histomonosis in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens and SPF meat-type chickens. Avian Dis. 58: 424-432.
McDougald LR. 2005. Blackhead disease (Histomoniasis) in poultry: a critical review. Avian Dis. 49: 462-476.
R¨udiger H, Stefanie B, Hafez MH. 2010. Detection of dna of Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in German poultry flocks between 2004 and 2008. Avian Dis. 54: 1021-1025.
Reis JJL, Beckstead RB, Brown CC, Gerhold RW. 2009. Histomonas meleagridis and capillarid infection in a captive chukar (Alectoris chukar). Avian Dis. 53(4): 45-46.
Shahaza O, Jin Seng O, Norina L, Jamaiyah, Salmeah AR, Suhaimi A, Nurul AAB, Jamal-Nasir MH, Maswati MA. 2015. Histomoniasis and incidental finding of schistosoma mansoni in Turkey Birds. Malaysian J. Vet. Res. 6(1): 29-32.
Son HY, Kim NS, Ryu SY, Shin HJ, Park MK, Kim HC, Cho JG, Park BK. 2009. An outbreak of chicken histomoniasis in the absence of normal vectors. J. Vet. Clin. 26(6): 591-594.
Trindade MM, Scheneiders G, Correa IMO, Flores M, Kommers GD. 2011. Histomoníase em pavão (Pavo cristatus). A Hora Vet. Porto Alegre. 31(184): 56-58.
Callait-Cardinal MP, Leroux S, Venereau E, Chauve CM, Le Pottier G, Zenner L .2007. Incidence of histomonosis in turkeys in France since the bans of dimetridazole and nifursol. Vet. Rec. 161(17): 581-585.
Chute MB, Chute AM. 1969. Freeze preservation of Histomonas meleagridis. Poult. Sci. 48: 2189-2191.
Cortes PL, Chin RP, Bland MC, Crespo R, Shivaprasad HL. 2004. Histomoniasis in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Avian Dis. 48(3): 711-715.
Dolka, Żbikowski A, Dolka I, Szeleszczuk P. 2015. Histomonosis an existing problem in chicken flocks in Poland Beata. Vet. Res. Commun. 39: 189-195.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2009. Status of MRL procedures. MRL assessments in the context of Council Regulations (EEC) No 2377/90. EMEA/CVMP/765/99- Rev.23, 1–19
FDA. 2015a. FDA announces pending withdrawal of approval of nitarsone. Rockville, MD: FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine.
FDA. 2015b. Title 21. food and drugs, chapter i-food and drug administration, Department of Health and Human Services, subchapter E-animal drugs, feeds, and related products, part 530 – extralabel drug use in animals, subpart e-safe levels for extralabel use of drugs in animals and drugs prohibited from extralabel use in animals. 530.41. Code of Federal Regulations 6 (revised as of April 1, 2015).
Fitz-Coy SH. 2013. Parasitic diseases. Avian Disease Manual, 7th 122 ed. Edited by Bouilanne MML, Brash BR, Charlton SH, Fitz-Coy RM, Fulton RJ, Julian MW, Jackwood D. Ojkic LJ, Newman JE, Sander HL, Shivaprasad E, Wallner-Pendleton, Woolcock PR. Pp 168-169.
Gonder E, Tilley B. 2016. A recurrence of blackhead in young turkey breeder toms in a house that had experienced blackhead many years previously. Proc. AAAP/AVMA Blackhead Mini-symposium.
Grabensteiner E, Hess M. 2006. Pcr for the identi¿cation and differentiation of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis spp. Vet. Parasitol. 142(4): 223-230.
Hauck R, Balczulat S, Hafez HM. 2010. Detection of DNA of histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in german poultry flocks between 2004 and 2008. Avian Dis. 54: 1021-1025.
Hu J, Fuller L, Armstrong PL, McDougald LR. 2006. Histomonas meleagridis in chickens: attempted transmission in the absence of vectors. Avian Dis. 50: 277-279.
Jones KH. 2005. Histomoniasis (blackhead). Aviagen: Technical update, volume 2.
Liebhart D, Sulejmanovic T, Grafl B, Tichy A, Hess M. 2013. Vaccination against histomonosis prevents a drop in egg production in layers following challenge. Avian Pathol. 42(1): 79-84.
Liu D, Kong L, Tao J, Xu J. 2015. An outbreak of Histomoniasis in backyard sanhuang chickens. Korean J. Parasitol. 56(6): 597-602.
Lotfi A, Hauck R, Olias P, Hafez HM. 2014. Pathogenesis of histomonosis in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens and SPF meat-type chickens. Avian Dis. 58: 424-432.
McDougald LR. 2005. Blackhead disease (Histomoniasis) in poultry: a critical review. Avian Dis. 49: 462-476.
R¨udiger H, Stefanie B, Hafez MH. 2010. Detection of dna of Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in German poultry flocks between 2004 and 2008. Avian Dis. 54: 1021-1025.
Reis JJL, Beckstead RB, Brown CC, Gerhold RW. 2009. Histomonas meleagridis and capillarid infection in a captive chukar (Alectoris chukar). Avian Dis. 53(4): 45-46.
Shahaza O, Jin Seng O, Norina L, Jamaiyah, Salmeah AR, Suhaimi A, Nurul AAB, Jamal-Nasir MH, Maswati MA. 2015. Histomoniasis and incidental finding of schistosoma mansoni in Turkey Birds. Malaysian J. Vet. Res. 6(1): 29-32.
Son HY, Kim NS, Ryu SY, Shin HJ, Park MK, Kim HC, Cho JG, Park BK. 2009. An outbreak of chicken histomoniasis in the absence of normal vectors. J. Vet. Clin. 26(6): 591-594.
Trindade MM, Scheneiders G, Correa IMO, Flores M, Kommers GD. 2011. Histomoníase em pavão (Pavo cristatus). A Hora Vet. Porto Alegre. 31(184): 56-58.
Diterbitkan
2022-08-07
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PEREIRA, Domingas; MERDANA, I Made; ARDANA, Ida Bagus Komang.
Artikel Riview: Penanganan dan Pencegahan Kejadian Histomoniasis pada Unggas.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 401-409, aug. 2022.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Tersedia pada: <http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/89204>. Tanggal Akses: 22 may 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i03.p08.
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