Perbandingan Teknik Mini-Flotac dan Teknik Flotasi dalam Uji Koproskopis Cacing pada Feses Penyu Hijau
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https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i06.p26
Abstrak
Penyu hijau (Chelonia Mydas) sebagai hewan yang dilindungi merupakan indikator kesehatan ekosistem laut karena merupakan spesies sentinel. Penyebab kematian penyu hijau yang paling sering terjadi adalah karena infeksi endoparasit. Penemuan telur cacing ini didasarkan pada teknik koproskopi dengan menggunakan sedimentasi, desorpsi, sentrifugasi dan flotasi material. Teknik Mini-FLOTAC merupakan metode langsung yang baru-baru ini dikembangkan dari teknik flotasi sebelumnya untuk diagnosis infeksi parasit usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil pemeriksaan telur cacing menggunakan Teknik Mini-FLOTAC dan Teknik Flotasi. Penelitian menggunakan feses penyu hijau yang berada di Pusat Konservasi dan Edukasi TCEC Serangan Bali. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 2 gram untuk setiap jenis teknik pemeriksaan. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan Teknik Mini-FLOTAC dan Teknik Flotasi di laboratorium Pusat Konservasi dan Edukasi TCEC Serangan Bali. Hasil kemudian dianalisis dengan penghitungan manual dan bantuan dari kalkulator statistika online. Nilai parameter k yaitu 0 menginterpretasikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Teknik Mini-FLOTAC dan Teknik Flotasi. Interpretasi ini didukung oleh hasil nilai sensitivitas Teknik Mini-FLOTAC mencapai 100% dan Teknik Flotasi Menyetuh 0% yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pemeriksaan telur cacing berdasarkan taksonominya pada Teknik Mini-FLOTAC dan Teknik Flotasi. Teknik Mini-FLOTAC menunjukkan keefektifan yang lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan Teknik Flotasi untuk mendeteksi telur cacing dalam penelitian ini. Penglihatan telur yang lebih jelas kadang-kadang terlihat pada hasil Teknik Flotasi. Pembuatan saringan pada Fill-Flotac sebesar 250µm untuk pemeriksaan penyu hijau (chelonia mydas) agar dapat menghasilkan hasil yang lebih jernih.
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Referensi
Adnyana W, Ladds P, Blair D. 2020. Prevalence and clinico-pathological studies on trematodiasis in marine turtles in Indonesia. Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub. 10(8): 274–295.
Aguirre AA, Lutz P. 2004. Marine turtles as sentinels of ecosystem health: Is fibropapillomatosis an indicator? Eco Health. 1(3): 275-283.
Alvarado-Villalobos MA, Cringoli G, Maurelli MP, Cambou A, Rinaldi L, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Guevara R, Chapman CA, Serio-Silva JC. 2017. Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 586.
Apsari IAP, Kencana GAAY, Mahardika GNK, Astawa NM, Kendran AAS, Suartha IN, Widyastuti S, Suardana IBK, Dewi IGAMK, Sudiarta IP. 2022. Ragam, prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi parasit pada sapi kelompok Tani Niti Sari Desa Baturiti Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 14(1): 11.
Ayres RM, Stott R, Lee DL, Mara DD, Silva SA. 1991. Comparison of techniques for the enumeration of human parasitic helminth eggs in treated wastewater. Environ. Technol. 12(7): 617–623.
Ayres RM, Stott R, Mara DD, Lee DL. 1992. Wastewater reuse in agriculture and the risk of intestinal nematode infection. Parasitol. Today. 8(1): 32–35.
Bellantari, M, Wandia, IN, Dwinata, IM. 2021. Prevalence and identification of gastrointestinal wormon longtailed macaquein Pulaki Temple, Banyupoh, Gerokgak, Buleleng, Bali. Indon. Med. Vet. 10(1): 51–60.
Binoti E, Gomes MC, De Calais Junior A, Werneck MR, Martins IVF, Boeloni JN. 2016. Helminth fauna of Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) in the south of Espírito Santo State in Brasil. Helminthologia. 53(2): 195–199.
Burke JB, Rodgers LJ. 1982. Gastric ulceration associated with larval nematodes (Anisakis sp. type 1) in pen reared green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Torres strait. J. Wildlife Dis. 18(1): 41–46.
Fisher FMJ. 1960. On acanthocephala of turtles, with the description of Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides n. sp. J. Parasitol. 46(2):257–266.
Flint M, Eden PA, Limpus CJ, Owen H, Gaus C, Mills PC. 2015. Clinical and pathological findings in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Gladstone, Queensland: Investigations of a stranding epidemic. Eco Hhealth. 12(2): 298–309
Flint M, Patterson-Kane JC, Limpus CJ, Mills PC. 2006. An epidemiological analysis of causes of disease and mortality. Eco Health. 7(1): 135–145.
Freitas JFT, Lent H. 1946. Porrocaecum sulcatum" (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Ascaroidea). Rev. Bras. Biol. 6: 235–238.
Gaspard P, Schwartzbrod J. 1993a. Determination of the parasitic contamination of irrigated vegetables. Water Sci. Technol. 27(7–8): 295–302.
Gaspard P, Schwartzbrod J. 1993b. Irrigation with wastewater: parasitological analysis of soil. Zbl. Hyg. 193: 513–520.
Greiner EC. 2013. 16 Parasites of marine turtles. In: Wyneken J, Lohmann KJ, Musick JA, editors. The biology of sea turtles, volume III. CRC Press. Pp. 428–443.
Glazebrook JS, Campbell RS, Blair D. 1981. Pathological changes associated with cardiovascular trematodes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in a green sea turtle Chelonia mydas (L). J. Comp. Pathol. 91(3): 361–368.
Glazerbook JS, Campbell RSF. 1990. A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia. Dis. Aquat. Org. (1): 83–95.
Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, Grimes DJ, Hofmann EE, Lipp EK, Osterhaus ADME, Overstreet RM, et al. 1999. Emerging marine diseases - climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science. 285: 1505–1510.
Hussein AH, Rashed SM, El-Hayawan, IA, Aly NSM, Abou Ouf, EA, Ali AT. 2017. Intestinal parasite infections and accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation, centrifugal flotation, and miniFLOTAC techniques among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 96(3): 589–594.
Jacobson ER, Homer BL, Stacy BA, Greiner EC, Szabo NJ, Chrisman CL, Origgi F, Coberley S, Foley AM, Landsberg JH, et al. 2006. Neurological disease in wild loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 70(1–2): 139–154.
Janawi. 2009. Perkembangan Suhu Sarang Penetasan Buatan pada Penetasan Telur Penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas L.) di Pantai Pangumbahan Kabupatan Sukabumi. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Suryakencana. Cianjur.
Landis JR, Koch GG. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 33(1):159–174.
Lauckner G. 1985. Diseases of marine animals: introduction, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. Helgoland: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland. 16(2) :553–626.
Limantara MAY. 2019. Prevalensi dan jenis cacing pada penyu yang direhabilitasi di turtle conservation and education center (TCEC). [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana. Jimbaran.
Marcer F, Cassini R, Parisotto N, Tessarin C, Marchiori E. 2022. A comparative study of Mini-FLOTAC with traditional coprological techniques in the analysis of cetacean fecal samples. Front. Vet. Sci. 9: 908486.
Mas-Coma S, Buchon P, Funatsu IR, Angles R, Mas-Bargues C, Artigas P, Valero MA, Bargues MD. 2020. Donkey fascioliasis within a one health control action: Transmission capacity, field epidemiology, and reservoir role in a human hyperendemic area. Front. Vet. Sci. 7: 5.
Murray D, Dailey GHB. 1987. Digenetic Trematodes as Possible Etiologic Agent for Fibropapillomas in Hawaiian Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Digenetic Trematodes. 1987: 1.
Permadi A, Adnyana IBW, Suartini IGAA. 2023. Coprological study of trematode infection in rehabilitated green turtles at the turtle conservation and education center Bali. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 15(5): 971-981.
Rude RA, Peeler JT, Risty NG. 1987. Comparison of diethylether and ethylacetate as extracting agents for recovery of Ascaris. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70: 1000–1001.
Santoro M, Greiner EC, Morales JA, Rodríguez-Ortíz B. 2006. Digenetic trematode community in nesting green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol. 92(6): 1202–1206.
Santoro M, Di Nocera F, Iaccarino D, Lawton SP, Cerrone A, Uberti BD, D’Amore M, Hochscheid S, Maffucci F, Galiero G. 2017. Pathology and molecular analysis of Hapalotrema mistroides (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) infecting a Mediterranean loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta. Dis. Aquat. Org. 124: 101-108.
Santoro M, Marchiori E, Iaccarino D, Uberti BD, Cassini R, Di Nocera F, Cerrone A, Galiero G, Marcer F. 2019. Epidemiology of Sulcascaris sulcata (Nematoda: Anisakidae) ulcerous gastritis in the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Parasitol. Res. 118(5): 1457–1463.
Santoro M, Marchiori E, Cassini R, Drigo M, Iaccarino D, Di Nocera F, Degli Uberti B, De Luca G, D’Amore M, Centelleghe C. 2020. Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy. Parasit Vectors. 13(1): 52.
Seminoff JA. 2002. Marine Turtle Specialist Global Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) assessment for the IUCN Red List Programme. Laporan untuk Species Survival Commission.
Setiawan DK, Dwinata M, Oka IBM. 2014. Identifikasi jenis cacing nematoda pada saluran gastrointestinal kuda penarik cidomo di Kecamatan Selong, Lombok Timur. Indon. Med. Vet. 3(5): 351–358.
Teichmann A. 1986. Towards the methodology of quanti- tative determination of the occurrence of helminth in municipal wastewater. Appl. Parasitol. 27: 145–150.
Valero MA, Perez-Crespo I, Periago MV, Khoubbane M, Mas-Coma S. 2009. Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Trop. 111(2):150–159.
Ward JR, Lafferty KD. 2004. The elusive baseline of marine disease: are diseases in ocean ecosystems increasing? PLoS Biol. 2(4): E120.
Work TM, Balazs GH, Schumacher JL, Amarisa M. 2005. Epizootiology of spirorchiid infection in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaii. J. Parasitol. 91(4): 871–876.
Xavier RA. 2011. Análise da fauna parasitológica gastrointestinal de Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) no litoral norte e médio do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Monografia (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas). Imbé.
Zahriati F. 2017. Infeksi cacing tambang. [Skripsi]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. Semarang.
Aguirre AA, Lutz P. 2004. Marine turtles as sentinels of ecosystem health: Is fibropapillomatosis an indicator? Eco Health. 1(3): 275-283.
Alvarado-Villalobos MA, Cringoli G, Maurelli MP, Cambou A, Rinaldi L, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Guevara R, Chapman CA, Serio-Silva JC. 2017. Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 586.
Apsari IAP, Kencana GAAY, Mahardika GNK, Astawa NM, Kendran AAS, Suartha IN, Widyastuti S, Suardana IBK, Dewi IGAMK, Sudiarta IP. 2022. Ragam, prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi parasit pada sapi kelompok Tani Niti Sari Desa Baturiti Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 14(1): 11.
Ayres RM, Stott R, Lee DL, Mara DD, Silva SA. 1991. Comparison of techniques for the enumeration of human parasitic helminth eggs in treated wastewater. Environ. Technol. 12(7): 617–623.
Ayres RM, Stott R, Mara DD, Lee DL. 1992. Wastewater reuse in agriculture and the risk of intestinal nematode infection. Parasitol. Today. 8(1): 32–35.
Bellantari, M, Wandia, IN, Dwinata, IM. 2021. Prevalence and identification of gastrointestinal wormon longtailed macaquein Pulaki Temple, Banyupoh, Gerokgak, Buleleng, Bali. Indon. Med. Vet. 10(1): 51–60.
Binoti E, Gomes MC, De Calais Junior A, Werneck MR, Martins IVF, Boeloni JN. 2016. Helminth fauna of Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) in the south of Espírito Santo State in Brasil. Helminthologia. 53(2): 195–199.
Burke JB, Rodgers LJ. 1982. Gastric ulceration associated with larval nematodes (Anisakis sp. type 1) in pen reared green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Torres strait. J. Wildlife Dis. 18(1): 41–46.
Fisher FMJ. 1960. On acanthocephala of turtles, with the description of Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides n. sp. J. Parasitol. 46(2):257–266.
Flint M, Eden PA, Limpus CJ, Owen H, Gaus C, Mills PC. 2015. Clinical and pathological findings in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Gladstone, Queensland: Investigations of a stranding epidemic. Eco Hhealth. 12(2): 298–309
Flint M, Patterson-Kane JC, Limpus CJ, Mills PC. 2006. An epidemiological analysis of causes of disease and mortality. Eco Health. 7(1): 135–145.
Freitas JFT, Lent H. 1946. Porrocaecum sulcatum" (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Ascaroidea). Rev. Bras. Biol. 6: 235–238.
Gaspard P, Schwartzbrod J. 1993a. Determination of the parasitic contamination of irrigated vegetables. Water Sci. Technol. 27(7–8): 295–302.
Gaspard P, Schwartzbrod J. 1993b. Irrigation with wastewater: parasitological analysis of soil. Zbl. Hyg. 193: 513–520.
Greiner EC. 2013. 16 Parasites of marine turtles. In: Wyneken J, Lohmann KJ, Musick JA, editors. The biology of sea turtles, volume III. CRC Press. Pp. 428–443.
Glazebrook JS, Campbell RS, Blair D. 1981. Pathological changes associated with cardiovascular trematodes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in a green sea turtle Chelonia mydas (L). J. Comp. Pathol. 91(3): 361–368.
Glazerbook JS, Campbell RSF. 1990. A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia. Dis. Aquat. Org. (1): 83–95.
Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, Grimes DJ, Hofmann EE, Lipp EK, Osterhaus ADME, Overstreet RM, et al. 1999. Emerging marine diseases - climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science. 285: 1505–1510.
Hussein AH, Rashed SM, El-Hayawan, IA, Aly NSM, Abou Ouf, EA, Ali AT. 2017. Intestinal parasite infections and accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation, centrifugal flotation, and miniFLOTAC techniques among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 96(3): 589–594.
Jacobson ER, Homer BL, Stacy BA, Greiner EC, Szabo NJ, Chrisman CL, Origgi F, Coberley S, Foley AM, Landsberg JH, et al. 2006. Neurological disease in wild loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 70(1–2): 139–154.
Janawi. 2009. Perkembangan Suhu Sarang Penetasan Buatan pada Penetasan Telur Penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas L.) di Pantai Pangumbahan Kabupatan Sukabumi. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Suryakencana. Cianjur.
Landis JR, Koch GG. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 33(1):159–174.
Lauckner G. 1985. Diseases of marine animals: introduction, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. Helgoland: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland. 16(2) :553–626.
Limantara MAY. 2019. Prevalensi dan jenis cacing pada penyu yang direhabilitasi di turtle conservation and education center (TCEC). [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana. Jimbaran.
Marcer F, Cassini R, Parisotto N, Tessarin C, Marchiori E. 2022. A comparative study of Mini-FLOTAC with traditional coprological techniques in the analysis of cetacean fecal samples. Front. Vet. Sci. 9: 908486.
Mas-Coma S, Buchon P, Funatsu IR, Angles R, Mas-Bargues C, Artigas P, Valero MA, Bargues MD. 2020. Donkey fascioliasis within a one health control action: Transmission capacity, field epidemiology, and reservoir role in a human hyperendemic area. Front. Vet. Sci. 7: 5.
Murray D, Dailey GHB. 1987. Digenetic Trematodes as Possible Etiologic Agent for Fibropapillomas in Hawaiian Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Digenetic Trematodes. 1987: 1.
Permadi A, Adnyana IBW, Suartini IGAA. 2023. Coprological study of trematode infection in rehabilitated green turtles at the turtle conservation and education center Bali. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 15(5): 971-981.
Rude RA, Peeler JT, Risty NG. 1987. Comparison of diethylether and ethylacetate as extracting agents for recovery of Ascaris. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70: 1000–1001.
Santoro M, Greiner EC, Morales JA, Rodríguez-Ortíz B. 2006. Digenetic trematode community in nesting green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol. 92(6): 1202–1206.
Santoro M, Di Nocera F, Iaccarino D, Lawton SP, Cerrone A, Uberti BD, D’Amore M, Hochscheid S, Maffucci F, Galiero G. 2017. Pathology and molecular analysis of Hapalotrema mistroides (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) infecting a Mediterranean loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta. Dis. Aquat. Org. 124: 101-108.
Santoro M, Marchiori E, Iaccarino D, Uberti BD, Cassini R, Di Nocera F, Cerrone A, Galiero G, Marcer F. 2019. Epidemiology of Sulcascaris sulcata (Nematoda: Anisakidae) ulcerous gastritis in the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Parasitol. Res. 118(5): 1457–1463.
Santoro M, Marchiori E, Cassini R, Drigo M, Iaccarino D, Di Nocera F, Degli Uberti B, De Luca G, D’Amore M, Centelleghe C. 2020. Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy. Parasit Vectors. 13(1): 52.
Seminoff JA. 2002. Marine Turtle Specialist Global Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) assessment for the IUCN Red List Programme. Laporan untuk Species Survival Commission.
Setiawan DK, Dwinata M, Oka IBM. 2014. Identifikasi jenis cacing nematoda pada saluran gastrointestinal kuda penarik cidomo di Kecamatan Selong, Lombok Timur. Indon. Med. Vet. 3(5): 351–358.
Teichmann A. 1986. Towards the methodology of quanti- tative determination of the occurrence of helminth in municipal wastewater. Appl. Parasitol. 27: 145–150.
Valero MA, Perez-Crespo I, Periago MV, Khoubbane M, Mas-Coma S. 2009. Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Trop. 111(2):150–159.
Ward JR, Lafferty KD. 2004. The elusive baseline of marine disease: are diseases in ocean ecosystems increasing? PLoS Biol. 2(4): E120.
Work TM, Balazs GH, Schumacher JL, Amarisa M. 2005. Epizootiology of spirorchiid infection in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaii. J. Parasitol. 91(4): 871–876.
Xavier RA. 2011. Análise da fauna parasitológica gastrointestinal de Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) no litoral norte e médio do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Monografia (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas). Imbé.
Zahriati F. 2017. Infeksi cacing tambang. [Skripsi]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. Semarang.
Diterbitkan
2023-07-15
##submission.howToCite##
FATHONAH, Nurul Audy Baiqhaq; ADNYANA, Ida Bagus Windia; APSARI, Ida Ayu Pasti.
Perbandingan Teknik Mini-Flotac dan Teknik Flotasi dalam Uji Koproskopis Cacing pada Feses Penyu Hijau.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 1267-1278, july 2023.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Tersedia pada: <http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/103934>. Tanggal Akses: 12 sep. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i06.p26.
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