Communication Behavior of Farmers in Accessing Information on Banana Cultivation in the Industrial Revolution 4.0

Agricultural information plays an important role in agricultural sector. Information is used as the main source in making top-down decisions. Farmers can access information from both formal and informal sources. Farmers' decisions in accessing information according to their needs and reliable sources are influenced by farmer communication behavior. This study aims to analyze and describe the communication behavior and barriers of farmers in accessing information on banana cultivation in order to compete in global market. This research was conducted in December 2019-January 2020 at Bareng Mukti Farmer Group, located in Ponggok Hamlet, Sidomulyo Village, Bambanglipuro District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study surveyed ten informants from active members and administrators. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis with Miles and Huberman analysis model. The results shows that farmers are still being passive in accessing information on banana cultivation and lack of awareness about the latest communication technology.


INTRODUCTION
interpersonal communication with agricultural instructors, NGOs, lecturers, and researchers are significantly related to farmer communication behavior, while increasing farmer insight is related to media spread. This is reinforced by Krisnasiwi (2017) that obtaining and disseminating information that functions to make decisions can be done through interpersonal, mass, and group media. This is related to farmer communication behavior.
The novelty of this research is to examine in depth the responses of farmers when accessing information related to banana cultivation in recent digital era. This study aims to (1) analyze and describe the communication behavior of farmers in accessing information on banana cultivation, (2) to analyze and describe the obstacles faced by farmers in accessing information on banana cultivation.

RESEARCH METHODS
The concept of this research is the influence of industrial revolution 4.0 to the development of information and communication technology. The advantages in agriculture of this era are easy access to information needed by farmers and agricultural development that is carried out with the concept of smart farming based on IOT (Internet of Things). These two benefits can be felt by farmer groups throughout Indonesia. One of the beneficiaries is the Bareng Mukti farmer group. However, the unpreparedness of farmers in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 resulted in several problems. The problems that arise include: the majority of farmers are not in their productive age, have low education, are inactive in seeking information, and depend on extension workers/instructors. The benefits provided and the problems that occur in farmer groups shall affect the communication behavior of farmers in accessing information. The domain of communication behavior is divided into three, namely attitudes, knowledge and skills. In addition, access to information is also influenced by the type of information, sources, and media of information.  District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The availability of internet access was the reason why this location was chosen. This study used survey method by collecting information obtained from ten informants (members and administrators of the Bareng Mukti farmer group). The informants and key informants were determined by purposive sampling, by determining research subjects based on certain considerations needed. The research data were collected in two ways, namely primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from in-depth interviews with members and administrators of the Bareng Mukti farmer group in a structured manner by the researcher. The method of data collection in this study was in-depth interviews to the key informants (instructors, ten members, and administrators of the Bareng Mukti farmer group), documentation, and observation.
The data analysis method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data analysis method used is the Miles and Huberman model analysis method which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. According to Miles & Huberman (1994), the steps of qualitative data analysis techniques are data reduction which include simplification, selection, and focus of raw data into meaningful information. Data collection was carried out to collect data obtained from the results of depth interviews, observations, documentation, and literature reviews. Data reduction aimed to extract data digest from recorded interviews, observations, and documentation in accordance with the focus of the study. Presentation of data was used to display data in a structured and easy to understand narrative form. The final step is composing the conclusion by comparing one another to compose the conclusion in response to existing problems

RESULT AND DISCUSSION General Description of Bareng Mukti Farmer Group
The Bareng Mukti farmer group is one of the farmer groups belonging to the Puspita Hati farmer group. The Bareng Mukti farmer group operates in the banana commodity and was founded in 2010. The Bareng Mukti farmer group was formed at the initiative of a resident after the earthquake that hit Yogyakarta, especially in Sidomulyo Village, Bantul Regency. The first step taken by the village head was to provide support to the community with a new breakthrough. Families that plant at least fifty banana trees would be given assistance in the form of seeds and if it is less than 50 then the assistance would not be given. The seeds given consisted of four varieties, namely plantain, kepok, ambon (Gros Michel) and kujo. This breakthrough was finally successful because it was well received by the community and they was able to make it happened, thus triggering the formation of banana farmer groups.
After seeing the enthusiasm of the community in banana planting movement and the formation of farmer groups in each hamlet, the village government developed these farmer groups by providing non-formal education to farmers on banana cultivation. The government provided counseling to the farmers four times. The extension was held in stages and carried out at the farmers' house in rotation. Extension materials provided to farmers included seed breeding, good cultivation practices such as spacing, plant care, pest and plant disease management. In addition, materials on post-harvest which include processing and marketing was also given.
All knowledge and information that had been provided from this non-formal education had a positive impact. Farmers were able to understand and practice the knowledge in banana cultivation activities. Therefore, the banana farmer group in Sidomulyo Village continues to develop.
For the success achieved by banana farmers, the government built a banana tree monument as a symbol that bananas are the superior commodity in Sidomulyo Village. In fact, bananas are currently the superior commodity in Bantul Regency. Banana varieties cultivated by the majority of farmers are plantain, kepok kuning and ambon kuning.
The farmers cultivate bananas at their respective houses, leased land, and group's land. The land used to grow bananas also varies, depending on the area of land the farmer owns and leases. The majority of farmers have a land area of between 200-1,000 m 2 .

Informants' Condition
The informants in this study were banana farmers. The members of the Bareng Mukti farmer group took a variety of formal education, from elementary to undergraduate. The formal education pursued is dominated at middle school level. The limitations of high formal education were influenced by many problems. Farmers who were unable to continue their education and only went to elementary school were due to poor economic condition of their parents; Therefore, they are forced to quit school at elementary level.
This condition required them to help their parents, who were mostly farmers. Starting from there, farmers learn about agriculture, especially banana cultivation. The knowledge possessed by farmers in banana cultivation is obtained from experiences and traditions passed down from generation to generation as well as from counseling held by the agriculture agencies.
Regarding experience in banana cultivation, the farmers have approximately 20-30 years of experience since the age of the farmers ranges from 42 to 78 years old. This age group is in the productive and unproductive age groups. This refers to the Labor Law no. 13 of 2013 which states that the age composition for productive age measures is between 15-64 years and unproductive ages between 0-14 years and over 64 years. However, the age of the banana farmers is dominated by the productive age group. They still have sufficient energy in banana farming activities and are easier to receive new information. can be seen from the level of participation and active members of the group in sharing their opinions and experiences in banana cultivation. This condition was confirmed by Prasetyo et al. (2017); where information exchanges occur regularly, the farmers shall increase their knowledge and skills and change their attitudes for the better. In addition, the regular farmer group meetings include the village extension agents. The participation of extension agents in meetings is aimed as an intermediary between farmers and their groups. With extension agents, farmers can ask for solutions to their farming problems. Extension agents also have as role as a trusted source for farmers on the latest innovations.
Based on actual conditions in the field, farmers in Bareng Mukti farmer group access information from a few sources. This is because they rely on information from fellow farmers, extension agents, and academics; Therefore, the information they received is also limited. The majority of farmers are unable to access internet-based information, as many farmers do not have sophisticated communication tools such as smartphones. The communication behavior of farmers in Bareng Mukti farmer group is not much different from the communication behavior of farmers in Bangladesh and India; the majority of farmers are still unable to adapt to the latest technological developments.
Based on the results of research by Ravichamy & Nandakumar (2017), the banana farmers in Tiruchirapalli easily access information on banana cultivation with fellow farmers, relatives, and neighbors in their environment. Mass media such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, journals and cell phones are in the second position as sources of information. Devarani et al. (2018) showed that the farmers in Meghalaya still access a lot of information through local channels; However, the majority of farmers have a fairly good attitude towards cellular services. The conditions in Indonesia and India are not much different from the communication behavior of farmers in Bangladesh. The results of research conducted by Rahman et al. (2018) showed that farmers fall into two categories, first, the majority of farmers who have few cellphone contacts and the second, the majority of farmers that have no cellphone contact with extension agents. This is due to the lack of awareness of farmers in receiving information via cell phones. Following are the factors and obstacles that occur in the communication behavior of farmers in Bareng Mukti farmer group:

Farmers' Attitude
Banana farmers as the recipients of information in Bareng Mukti farmer group have positive attitude when receiving information from extension agents. Farmers shall practice whatever has been taught by the extension agents because they have trust in them. Informant 5 stated that the farmers had a positive attitude towards the extension agents, which was shown by feeling delighted since the government pays attention to them through extension activities. Through counseling, it is able to change the attitude of farmers for the better which in turn will affect farmers' cultivation habits.
Another condition that exists is that farmers have no clue about internet as they distrust the information obtained from the internet. Farmers think that the information circulating through the internet does not necessarily mean that the results will match what is written on it. It shows that the farmers have negative attitude towards information on the internet, since the attitude category considers several components, one of which is trust. According to Ahmad & Widuri (2017), attitude is a tendency that is positive or negative towards psychological objects. This is also supported by Notoatmodjo (2007) which stated that there are three main components of attitude: beliefs, ideas, and concepts towards objects; evaluation of objects and propensity to take action.

Farmers' Knowledge
The knowledge possessed by farmers is gained from experience, cultivation traditions, and counseling organized by agriculture agencies. Based on the conditions in the field, it is known that the counseling provided is able to increase farmers' knowledge in order to master banana cultivation techniques since the farmers understand the information provided by the extension agents well. This condition is in line with the opinion of Mardikanto (2009) which stated that counseling aims to help farmers get a better life by changing their behavior so that they are able to make their own decisions.
Although the farmers have sufficient knowledge of banana cultivation practices, they lack knowledge of the internet or smartphones. The low level of farmers' knowledge about the internet resulted in their low knowledge of technological developments. Currently talking about the industrial revolution 4.0 is rife. Broadly speaking, farmers are aware of the changing times that are increasingly sophisticated with modern technologies; however, most of them are still unfamiliar with the industrial revolution 4.0.
Based on interviews with Informant 2 who only have the elementary education background, he had no clue about the term 4.0; However, if one day he is given a briefing on what should be done in accordance with the current era, he will learn until he really understands and able to run it. However, this condition do not occur for all informants; it turns out that there are still some informants who are aware about the current era. As stated by informant 1, he knows about industrial revolution 4.0 and he is also aware that smartphones are a technology that is still developing until today. He knows about the current technological developments since he owns the media used to access information. Based on these conditions, it can be seen that the difference in the level of education affect the level of knowledge.
If an individual is sensitive to the change, he will think about how to be in line with the recent development. This is in accordance with the opinion of Sudarta (2005) that a farmer with higher knowledge of new technology, especially in the agricultural sector, will make the benefits of this technology to be effective and ultimately produce satisfactory results.

Farmers' Skill
Farmers in Bareng Mukti farmer group have good communication skills in seeking and obtaining information from fellow farmers through interpersonal communication. However, they have difficulty in accessing information using the latest technology. Farmers are passive in seeking or accessing personal information, yet active in receiving and filtering information. When the farmers get the information, it will be practiced and applied continuously in their banana farming activities.
As stated by Informant 4, the farmers were very enthusiastic and skilled in applying the information provided by the department and extension agents. This is because the related agencies are not only providing theory, but also put it into practice right away. This makes it easier for farmers to understand and practice the knowledge in their daily activities.
The communication skill possessed by farmers is quite good. They are able to implement the information that has been received. Such communication skills are what the farmers need; if the farmers lack in skills, the information received will not have a positive impact on them. This is in accordance with the opinion of Santrock (2007) that communication skills are needed in terms of speaking, listening, overcoming verbal and non-verbal obstacles, and be able to solve problems practically. This opinion is also supported by Sugianto (2015) that communication skills are not only needed in public communication, but also in interpersonal and group communication.

Types and Sources of Information
The type of information needed by banana farmers is related to spacing, maintaining excellent plants, making seeds, controlling pests and diseases. The information needed by farmers can be given in the form of oral, visual, and audiovisual. Conditions in the field indicate that farmers understand better and will be more receptive to the information when it is obtained directly. In addition, information that is trusted by farmers is information that can be proven. Based on this, the types of information needed by farmers are varied and more intense in upstream activities. Farmers get information from sources they think are reliable. The source of information that is often accessed by farmers is from the agriculture agency.
Based on the results of the interview, the type of information received is in accordance with the farmers' needs. They feel sufficient and no longer need to access information. In addition, based on Informant 5's statement, interpersonal communication is still well established. This is because the farmers still apply the getok thular concept, which means that information from one farmer will spread to the other farmers. This concept is still highly trusted by the village community. This is supported by Narti (2015) that sources of information for farmers are from the mass media, community leaders, and formal institutions.
Sources of information used by members of Bareng Muktifarmer group are television, radio, magazines and newspapers. However, the source of information that is trusted by farmers is information from the agricultural department, extension agents, and among farmers. Informant 3 stated that farmers have more confidence in the information provided by the PPL (Field Agricultural Extension Instructors) since they directly demonstrate the information they provide. This makes it easier for farmers to understand and apply it in their daily agricultural activities. In addition, farmers also feel difficult when accessing information obtained from the internet, as they have to read in detail from beginning to end to be able to understand the meaning of the article.
Based on the results of interviews and observations, it is known that the source of information that is trusted by farmers apart from extension agents and fellow farmers are from mass media such as television. There are still some farmers who watch one of the television channels about agriculture and trust the information reported. According to them, the programs on television are real news or in accordance with reality. As stated by informant 10, although farmers believe in the source of information that comes from television, farmers rarely access it. This is because farmers are preoccupied with activities in the fields and the yard to take care of their crops rather than watching agricultural programs broadcast on television. The belief of farmer information sources is supported by Hakim & Sugihen (2009). They stated that the source of information for farmers is from extension agents, informal figures, formal figures, relatives and neighbors, as well as partly from mass media such as television, radio, newspapers and other sources.

Media
Media information that is often received and accessed by farmers in Bareng Mukti farmer group are leaflets, brochures, and audio visuals where the media is given according to farmers' needs. Farmers usually get these media during group meetings. Kusumadinata (2016) states that farmers have more confidence in accessing personal information than the media, since they think that the media change information quickly, which creates bias.
However, the farmers dislike the written media because sometimes the words are difficult to understand and unclear to put into practice. Meanwhile, mass media such as radio is no longer used. This happens because most farmers do not have the tools to access information via radio and farmers are already busy with their farming activities. Thus, farmers have no time to access information via radio.
Apart from those mentioned above, another medium is regular meetings. As revealed by informant 10 that every Wednesday Wage banana farmers get information from field agricultural instructors (PPL). They are usually invited by the head of the farmer group to fill in or provide the farmers with the latest information about banana plants. The information is generally about solutions to farmer problems, government policies, and the latest information. Farmers are also more enthusiastic when they get information that is conveyed directly. This is supported by the opinion of Tologbonse et al. (2009) that in accessing information, farmers prefer personal media.

Barriers to Farmer Communication Behavior in Accessing Information
The obstacles encountered by the informants include internal factors from within the informant and external factors from the environment and available facilities. Internal factors are caused by the fact that the majority of farmers are elderly and lack curiosity about current developments. The majority of farmers are also unaware of information technology. Therefore, the farmers have not been able to fully access the information available. As stated by informant 4, he knows what a cell phone is, yet he could not use it. The farmers only know and never even use it to communicate. Therefore, farmers also cannot access information via internetbased smartphones.
Another condition shows that the majority of farmers do not have a means of communication in the form of cell phones. This causes farmers to become passive in accessing information and more dependent on the agricultural instructors because the information obtained from the instructors is more trusted for them than the information from other sources. In addition, farmers who can access information via the internet have another obstacles; the difficulty of the network to access information due to inconsistent signals.
Internal factors become an obstacle in farmers' communication behavior since they have low curiosity and quickly feel satisfied. They feel the information they have received is already sufficient. Therefore, farmer participation in accessing information is low. This is in accordance with Sudjana's (2006) theory that participation is an internal barrier where the majority of people do not have the desire to be directly involved. External factors that become obstacles for farmers are the lack of understanding of information access, especially via the internet. Besides, the farmers are blind to the latest technology. The news about banana farming is also still very few, both in print, electronic, and internet media.

CONCLUSION
Communication behavior is seen from the way farmers access information. Communication behavior consists of two types, namely interpersonal communication and group communication. Farmers have a positive attitude towards reliable sources of information received from extension agents, the agricultural agency, and academics. Farmers' knowledge is still low regarding the flow of information and technology use. Farmers' skills are good when it comes to applying the information obtained, however, they are lacking when it comes to accessing information. The type of information is in accordance with the farmers' needs; it is done through direct meetings (not through the media) so that the direct contribution made by farmers in accessing information is still low. Lack of awareness and low curiosity about the flow of information and technology as well as lack of education from related parties are obstacles for farmers to access information.

RECOMMENDATION
Dissemination and systematic deviation from renewal agents such as extension agents, lecturers, and researchers to the management and members of the Bareng Mukti farmer group is expected to increase the contribution of farmers in accessing information on banana cultivation. Therefore, farmers can make decisions from the information received and can compete in the global market.