The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Food Independent Area Program in Ogan Ilir Regency

Food Independent Area Program (KMP) was aimed for people in food insecure/needy area with the main purpose was to fulfill the family food needs and at the end, can increase the community income so that they can be more independent. The aims of this research were to find out how the implementation, participation and how much the contribution of the income from food independent area program to the family income. To answer how the implementation of food independent area program and participation of affinity group members to the food independent area program used descriptive analysis with likert scale. Meanwhile to find out the contribution of income from food independent area program to the family income used income anyalisis. This research concluded that the implementation of KMP program in South Pemulutan Sub-Dictrict Ogan Ilir Regency has only reached the fourth stage of the set five stages in food independent area, the average of community participation was 41,37 which mean the community pasticipation to the food independent area program at affinity village had high category or highly participating and an increase in the family income at food independent area of 31,36% or 5.799.000,00 Rupiah per year, from total income of 18.314.224,52 Rupiah per year.


INTRODUCTION
The national development priority is increasing food security that focused on sthrengthening food distribution, increasing in food availability, accelerating food diversification in community and monitoring fresh food security based on regional characteristic (Ediwiyati et al., 2015). The development of food security was carried out continuously and gradually, which one by empowering community in a participatory manner, which were: recognizing regional potential capabilities, problem solving opportunities, managing and utilizing local natural resources in a sustainable manner. The food independent area program (KMP) was the development of food independent village activity, on of the effort to fulfill family food need, reduce poverty and food insecurity in the area. KMP was formed involving community representation from selected villages (five villages) in the category of poor or food insecure village, and in the end became food independent based on Constitution Number 18 Year of 2012. In order to develop food independent area, determined the region potency, ecological characteristic, geographical condition and location specification to create food security and independent in cimmunity of the area.
The KMP program was a continuation from Food Independent Village program with the purposes of 1) utilizing natural resources to build an economy based on agriculture and rural areas with local wisdom; to provide employment and increase in income, 2) empowerment and provision of government assistance as a trigger, so that food is available for the needy in areas that are vulnerable to food insecurity. If the implementation of KMP program was carried out evenly in each region, it will be able to increase food security in KMP in accordance with the purpose of sustainable development. (Ministry of Agriculture, 2017) The success of Food Independent Village (DMP) based on the research of (Andriani & Fariadi, 2017), involving community participation was a determining factor of the success of food independent village from the planning, implementation, monitoring and evalution stages. Futhermore (Deviyanti, 2013), stated that community participation was the involvement of beneficiary community in all program stages. The activation of community was affected by various obstacles. The external obstacle was including uneven beneficiary socialization to the community. The internal obstacle was including the lack of community knowledge to the program.
The research result of (Nuzula & Nurmalia, 2018), DMP program participation on the affinity members (Dahlia Sejahtera) in Padang Serai Village Bengkulu City was in medium category which was average of 28,13. This is because the members were not always involving in the activites so the advantage and benefit received was not optimal. Community participation was an important thing in the smoothness and success of the program. Furthermore (Saepudin et al., 2018) the success of the program was greatly determined by the knowledge and attitude of the community regarding the program.
In early 2015, was developed food independent area program to strengthen and accelerate the eradication of food independent insecurity in 78 areas, in 77 regencies/cities and 23 provinces in Indonesia. This program in South Sumatera was done in three regencies, which were Banyuasin, Ogan Komering Ilir and Ogan Ilir. The implementation of this program in Ogan Ilir Regency was carried out in five food insecure villages in South Pemulutan Sub-District which focused on the community empowerment activities through productive business to increase the family income. According to (Yunita et al., 2012) to involve farmers in the implementation of empowerment program was a potential indicator that has a big impact to the food security of farmers household. Therefore, the approach must be locally participatory and specific.
The research of (Febriansyah et al., 2018), stated that food independent village program had a very important role in increasing farmers' income, where the income of the farmers that involve in the program and who didn't was different. The average income of farmers that involve in the Food Independent Village program was 6.032.544,00 Rupiah, meanwhile for non-program farmers, their average income was 4.499.884,00 Rupiah. According to (Hidayati & Sari, 2018), in the farming, farmers often did farming with the habits and experiences were not necessarily correct. Due to the limited knowledge, capital and information regarding the production tools, in the end it ultimately affects farmers' decisions in farming.
The result of the research (Chuzaimah & Febriyansyah, 2016) in Ogan Ilir Regency, stated that there was a positive influence between the technology application in Sawah Lebak rice and farmers' income in Pemulutan Sub-District. Futhermore, the rearch result of (Sari & Febriyansyah, 2018), stated that the income contribution of Sawah Lebak farmers in Ogan Ilir Regency was 60,28% which mean there was a big contribution from the main farming (Sawah Lebak rice). For the minimum land area that must be owned by the farmers was 1,66 ha, if only relied on main farming.
The main livelihood of people in food independent area at Ogan Ilir Regency was 98 percent 'sawah lebak' (rice field in bog area) farmers. The farmers' income was used for fulfilling family expenses. This food independent area program was expected to increase productive activites besides 'sawah leabk' farming and create a new income source in the food independent area Ogan Ilir Regency. The aims of this research were (1).To identify the implementation of food independent area program, (2).To analyze the participation level of affinity members in the food independent area program, and (3).To analyze the increase of affinity members' income in food independent area.

RESEARCH METHODS
Theresearch location was determined step by step in 23 Provinces. South Sumatera Province was on of the KMP program repecients. The implementation of KMP in South Sumatera was carried out in three regencies/cities which were Banyuasin Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency and Ogan Ilir Regency. This research was held in Ogan Ilir Regency. The determination of research location was by considering the most poor/food insecure area among the two other regencies. At Ogan Ilir Regency, the implementation of KMP in five villages with food insecure/poor category which were: Maju Jaya Village, Pematang Bangsal Village, Maya Pati Village, Sungai Keli Village and Harimau Tandang Vilage which located in Pemulutan Selatan Sub-district. The samples were determined by simple random (simple random sampling). Each village formed an affinity group with 20 members. To each affinity group in each village was taken 6 members (33%). The total samples were 30 from 100 members KMP program in South Pemulutan Sub-District.
This research was conducted from January 2019 until June 2019. This research used survey method. Data that used was primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from direct interview with the community as the respondents in the food independent area by using questionnaire.
To answer the first and second problem used descriptive analysis by explaining the implementation process of food independent area program. The participation level of affinity members in food independent area program was described by using likert scale. This parameter consisted of some questions with three alternative answers. The answere including (Highly Participate=SP, Less Participate= KP, and Not Participate= TP). The score for answer assessment based on the level (score) SP= 3, KP= 2, dan TP= 1. The value range (range) of each catergoty (Table 1) (2019) The third problem, to find out the family income from the main farming activity in the food independent area used formula: YP = YT P -B In which: YP = the amount of family income from the main farming business (sawah lebak rice fields (Rp/yr) YT = production amount of sawah lebak rice fields (kg/th) P = grain price (Rp/kg) B = production cost (Rp/th) The total income of sawah lebak rice field farmers' family counted by the following formula: YK = YP + YKMP In which: YK = the total family income in food independent area (Rp/yr) YKMP = the total family income that come from food independent area program (Rp/yr) To find out the contribution of family income that came from food independent area program (KMP) to the total family income was: In which: KPKMP = The contribution of KMP income to the total family income (%)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION The Implementation of Food Independent Area Program in Ogan llir Regency
The food security according to (Ministry of Agriculture, 2017), is a condition in which a country had sufficient food for every member of its society, in terms of quantity, quality, safety, diversity, nutrition, equality, easy access and in accordance with religion, culture and people's beliefs, so that society can live safely, healthy and work continuously. The food independent area program provided assistance in the form of social assistance funds. The social assistance fund was a stimulus aid that came from the State budget, which was aid provided by the government to groups in the growth and development stages. In the placement of a food independent area, Ogan Ilir Regency appointed the Department of Agriculture and Food Security to implement the KMP program The KMP program in Ogan Ilir Regency was placed in South Pemulutan Sub-District and involved five villages that classified as poor/food insecure. Each village that received the KMP program was required to form a new affinity group with the number of members for each group was 20 people. For the selection of the group productive business type based on the results of group members' deliberations, involving local assistants and field extension agents. If seen in table 2, the productive types of the affinity group were engaged in animal husbandry, which were raising goats and ducks. The productive business chosen by the affinity group was adjusted to the skills in farming, the availability of feed at the recipient' program location, the amount of aid funds and the length of time for the KMP program refund.  (2019) Information: √ = has been done -= not done The KMP program in South Pemulutan Sub-District has been running for five years, starting from 2015 to 2019. Of the five villages that received KMP aids, almost all stages of the activities have going well, but only the fifth stage of the KMP program activity sustainability strategy has not been able to run properly. In the first year of 2015, KMP activities focused on activities to increase the capacity of group members and the formation of regional economic institutions. The second year focused on developing affinity group productive businesses in each KMP recipient village. The third year, the main focus of activities was to strengthen and provide facilities and infrastructure for the KMP program. In 2018 the KMP program focused on the health of affinity group members and local communities as well as increasing food availability and improving community nutrition. In 2019 the focus of the KMP program activities was emphasized on activities to strengthen economic institutions. At each stage, the KMP activity consisted of several indicators that have been determined in the KMP program. More details were in Table 4.
The initial stage of KMP activities began with the preparation of selecting regional development plans (RPWK) and establishing household baseline data (DDRT). The next stage was to determine the 20 members of the affinity group in the KMP of Ogan Ilir Regency, including five villages in South Pemulutan. This group will decide for themselves what the members' productive business plan (RUA) will do and make a group business plan (RUK) through a member meeting for further verification by the Regional Communication Forum (FKK). Disbursement of KMP program assistance funds will be carried out after data verification by the Regional Communication Forum (FKK) and submission of RUK and RUA to financial institutions in the Mandiri Sejahtera area.
The indicators of activities achievement in the preparation stage that had been implemented according to the KMP guidelines were 90%. From the 10 activity indicators, there was only one indicator (10%) had not been implemented, which was the stages of implementing the disbursement of funds. This condition occurred based on the agreement of the affinity group members to disburse the first stage assistance program funds in the second stage of group growth in 2016 because these activities required careful preparation. At the stage of group growth, social assistance for business capital had begun to be realized to affinity groups by LKK to be distributed to affinity group members.
The research of (Nuryartono, 2007) and (Ristianingrum et al., 2016) stated that formal and informal financial institutions were very difficult to access for most households in rural areas due to the lack of available facilities and infrastructure. Farmers really need capital assistance from financial institutions to be able to develop their productive businesses. However, farmers were still faced the constraints of limited collateral or collateral owned and administrative problems which were still the main problem for farmers in accessing financial institutions.
The disbursement of KMP capital assistance funds at the group growth stage was given gradually two times, which where the first disbursement at the affinity group growth stage and the second disbursement was done at the affinity group development stage. The provided social capital assistance was Rp. 1,000,000.00 for each affinity member of the KMP program in South Pemulutan either for the first stage or the second stage of fund disbursement. The process of returning the social assistance fund was carried out in accordance with the agreement made between the affinity group and LKK as the manager of the KMP social assistance fund, which was equal to member loans with a service rate of 10 percent per year.
In the second stage, all indicators of KMP program activities had been running according to the group growth stage. Based on the results of research and observations at the research location, it can be seen that the amount of KMP program social assistance funds for one year in the growth stage was Rp. 120,000,000.00 where the refund process run in accordance to the agreement that had been mutually agreed. The affinity group's productive business program was running well, as evidenced by an increase in the number of livestock raised by affinity group members. This certainly had implications for increasing the income of the families who received the KMP program assistance in South Pemulutan Sub-District.
The activity indicators in the third stage (development stage) had been implemented in accordance with the KMP program implementation guidelines. This can be seen from the results of field observations of facilities and infrastructure for group members that had developed quite rapidly. The marketing process for the group members' product has been organized so that there had been a strengthening of economic growth in rural areas in the food independent area, South Pemulutan Sub-District. The disbursement of the second stage funds was carried out at this stage with the amount of funds issued equal to the first stage of Rp. 1,000,000.00 per member of the affinity group. The amount of funds that had been absorbed up to this stage in the affinity group members in South Pemulutan Sub-District, Ogan Ilir Regency was Rp. 200,000,000.00 and had been collected in LKK of Rp. 240,000,000.00 In the independence stage, which was the fourth stage of the KMP program, showed an increase in the nutritional status and health of KMP members. The activity achievement indicator at this stage was 83.33%, of the six activity indicators only one had not been implemented, that was the development of regional economic centers which were still on the members of the old affinity group and had not been able to grow new affinity groups. The social assistance funds provided by the government were still revolving around the old affinity group members. This occurred because the capital assistance for productive businesses at LKK as an existing financial institution was only sufficient to provide social funding assistance only to old members of the affinity group.
The activities achievement in the fifth stage of the food independent area program in 2019 had not gone well. The achievement indicator of the implementation activities at this stage was 20%. In the fifth stage, only one indicator had been implemented, that was technical assistance and training for FKK to become the coordinator for regional food security development. Other activity indicators had not been achieved, such as not being able to grow new affinity groups in accordance with regional development. The business scale of the affinity group members was still small due to the limited working capital owned by the members. Financial institutions for food independent areas had not been able to become banking /investment institutions at the regional level and acted only as collectors of loan from members of the affinity group of food independent areas. The results showed that the KMP program in South Pemulutan Sub-District was only up to the fourth of the five stages set by the Ministry of Agriculture.

The Participation of Affinity Group Members to the Food Independent Area Program in Ogan Ilir Regency
The community participation is a form of community participation in every activity in the activity program stages, either directly or indirectly (Iskandar & Ginanjar, 2002). Participations in this research were including involvement, participation, togetherness of affinity group members consciously on the interaction and social life of the community, either directly or indirectly in the implementation of the food independent area program in Ogan Ilir Regency.  (2019) Based on observations and direct interviews with affinity group members related to participation in the implementation of food independent area program, the participation level of affinity group members in South Pemulutan Sub-District for each question ranged from 2.30 to 2.70. While the overall assessment score was 43.53, which means that the participation level of affinity group members in the food independent area program was very high. The high level of community participation was because the community was fully aware of the benefits of the KMP program in increasing family income and welfare through productive activities other than main farming, which was sawah lebak rice farming.
The knowledge score of the affinity members for KMP and documentation of each KMP activity was still below the average score for 17 questions asked to the respondents even though the results of the respondent's assessment score were 2.30 or 76.67 percent which means less participation. For the knowledge score of affinity members, it was less participation because there were 11 people or 30.68 percent members of the affinity group who have not graduated from elementary school which resulted in a delay in knowing about the KMP, even though the socialization process had been carried out by the KMP facilitator. The score of documentation for each KMP activity was also less documented by affinity group members because they thought that every activity was documented, even though the documentation activity was evidence that each KMP activity had been carried out according to its stages.

The Basic Family Income in Food Independent Area Ogan Ilir Regency
The main income of affinity members' families was as sawah lebak rice farmers. The average land area for sawah lebak rice field belonging to the affinity group was 0.71 ha. Production costs incurred in this KMP included variable costs and fixed costs. The average cost incurred for one production process was Rp. 1,103,108.81 lg/mt or equivalent to Rp. 1,557,403.37 ha/year. The production costs included variable costs such as the cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and labor costs in farming. While the fixed costs incurred were the cost of depreciation of the tools during farming activities. The average basic income of the community in the food independent area was Rp. 12,515,224.52 lg/mt or Rp. 17,668,635.42 ha/year. The main income came from sawah lebak rice field farming with the planting index in the food independent area of IP 100 (one crop per year). Source: Processed Primary Data (2019) The average sawah lebak rice land owned by the community in the food independent area was 0.71 ha. The results of research by (Zahri & Febriyansyah, 2014) stated that the development of business diversification was an alternative to increasing the family income of sawah lebak rice farmers through horizontal diversification (adding other business branches) and vertical diversification (improving post-harvest technology and marketing local products). Further research by (Sari & Febriyansyah, 2018), farmers were required to have a sawah lebak rice area of at least 1.66 ha, if the source of income of farmers was only from sawah lebak rice farming. The land area of the affinity group for the KMP program was 0.71 ha, meaning that the community had not been able to fulfill their family's needs. For this reason, a community empowerment program was needed in order to overcome poverty in regional areas.
The research result of (Nasir et al., 2015) showed that the poverty rate was 26.5% in Burai Village, meaning that the level of farmers' household welfare was still classified as poor and farmers had not been able to fulfill their household food. Farming diversification was needed to increase household income of farmers in Burai Village, Ogan Ilir Regency. The research results of (Kifli et al., 2017) required capital support to run their business. The ability of human resources must be improved, both in knowledge, managerial, and skills possessed by farmers in technology adoption. In addition, the strengthening and enhancement of farmer institutions in managing farmer institutions must be improved to overcome existing limitations.
In Table 6, the average production of KMP was 2,882.33 Kg/lg/mt or 4,069.37 kg/ha/year. The productivity of Ogan Ilir Regency was 4.4110 kg/ha/year, which means the productivity of sawah lebak rice field in the food independent area was smaller than the productivity of the district. This was because the farmers' knowledge level about sawah lebak rice farming was still traditional. According to (Chuzaimah & Febriyansyah, 2016), technology that came from local wisdom can increase the productivity of agricultural products to the maximum. The application of agricultural technology must be adapted to the natural conditions of the area. The participation of field extension agents was very much needed in technology transfer for farmers to increase farmers' knowledge of their farming.

The Income Contribution of Affinity Group Members in Food Independent Area Program to the Family Total Income in Ogan Ilir Regency
Family income in food independent area came from two activities, first the main income came from sawah lebak rice activities and the second came from the food independent area program. According to (Nasir et al., 2015), low productivity of sawah lebak rice was due to farmers still applying the 100 Planting Index (IP) in one year. As a result, the farmers' household needs had not been fulfilled from the main farming activities, so farmers were expected to establish other productive business activities to meet their daily needs. Source: Processed Primary Data (2019) From Table.7, the average total family income in the food independent area was IDR 18,314,224.52 per year. This income came from the basic income of sawah lebak rice farming of Rp. 12,515,224.52 per year and the income from the food independent area program was Rp. 5,799,000.00 per year. The income contribution on food independent area program (KMP) was 31.36 percent. This means that there was an additional income of Rp. 5,799,000.00 per year to the total income of KMP group members of Rp. 18,314,224.52 per year.
The research results on the KMP program in South Pemulutan showed that the income of the Independent Business Group from Maya Pati Village with the productive business type of raising goats was Rp. 6,976,666.67 per year. Income from the Cahaya Bintang Group in Sungai Keli Village with the productive business type of raising ducks was Rp. 6,958,333.33 per year. The research results of (Siregar et al., 2012) showed that the income of farmers who participate in the DMP program had a positive correlation with capital assistance for farming and counseling (labor). According to (Febriansyah et al., 2018), there was an increase in farmers' household income in Jambi City, South Jambi Sub-District in the DMP Program.
Based on field observations, it is known that the villager communities were more diligent and enthusiastic in raising goats and ducks. In addition, these group members often hold group meetings with the independent food program officers. According to (Firdausi et al., 2014) and (Sriati et al., 2017), performance in groups was closely and positively related to the welfare of group members or the availability of family food.

CONCLUSION
From five stages of the implementation of KMP program, only four stages were implemented in the food-independent area in South Pemulutan Sub-District. The level of members' participation of the affinity group recipients the food independent area program was on average 41.37, means that the group members' participation of food independent area program to the implementation of the food independent area program had a high category or was very participating. There was an increase in family income in the food independent area by 31.36% or Rp.5,799,000.00 per year, from a total income of 18,314,224.52 per year.

RECOMMENDATION
The determination of productive business was adjusted to local wisdom and knowledge of group members. Coordination between local governments and communities, especially group members, was further enhanced in order to create a better regional economy.

THANK YOU NOTE
Thank you for the assistance, the Coordinator of the Counseling and Agricultural Service and the field agricultural couselors (PPL) as well as the KMP program assistants South Pemulutan Sub-District, Ogan Ilir Regency. Thanks also to IBA Palembang University for assisting in the process of performing this research.