SIMBIOSIS
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis
<p>Simbiosis is an electronic scientific journal published periodically by the Faculty of Biology S1 UNUD containing scientific works biology that include botany, zoology, microbiology, and molecular genetics and the environment.</p> <p><a href="http://id.portalgaruda.org/?ref=browse&mod=viewjournal&journal=4939" target="_blank"><img src="http://id.portalgaruda.org/images/logoGaruda-kecil.png" alt="Logo IPI"></a> <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2337-7224?rss" target="_blank"><img src="http://ijaps.usm.my/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/doaj-logo-usm.jpg" alt=""> <img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/customers/1325/images/GoogleScholar.jpg" alt="Image result for google scholar journal" width="120" height="52"></a> <img src="https://ojsrepo.unud.ac.id/assets/images/sinta-logo-400x143.png" alt="" width="143" height="51"><a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&and_facet_source_title=jour.1393802">Source Title: SIMBIOSIS in Publications - Dimensions</a></p>Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayanaen-USSIMBIOSIS2337-7224<p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License"></a><br>This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI KAWASAN LAGOON NUSA DUA, BADUNG, BALI
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/90269
<p>The Lagoon Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) area is a hotel waste management installation located in the Nusa Dua tourism area in the southern part of Bali that is surrounded by mangrove forests. This installation consists of five main ponds, pond 2B and 3 filled with tilapia fish as bioindicators, which attrach various types of birds to this area to forage or other activities. This study aims to determine the species and activities as well as the bird diversity index in the Lagoon area. This research was conducted from January to February 2022. Observations were conducted in the morning and afternoon with six counting points. The bird species encountered were recorded using the ten species recording method. Species identification were based on Mackinnon (2010). The tools used in this study were binoculars, a DSLR camera with a 70-300 mm lens and a Mackinnon field guide. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft excel. In this area, 45 species of birds were found with 6 protected species. Bird activities observed in this area include flying, preening, collecting nesting materials and foraging. Foraging activities were the most observed activity in the Lagoon Area. The bird diversity index at the Lagoon ITDC Nusa Dua area is 3.10977 which indicated high diversity, the distribution index is 0.81 which can be said to be almost evenly distributed and the dominance index is 0.087066 which indicate there is no dominant species in the area. The highest percentage of canopy use was observed on the forest floor or stems at 32.01%, and the lowest at 15.10% in the lower canopy.</p>Muhammad Fathur RoziI Ketut GinantraSang Ketut Sudirga
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https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/90269/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511212813710.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p01 INTERPRETASI EKOWISATA OLEH PEMANDU WISATA/ PRAMUWISATA PADA DAYA TARIK WISATA MANGROVE TOUR DI BALI
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/91308
<p>Ecotourism is an activity that focuses on nature conservation, environmental sustainability and local community empowerment. Mangrove ecotourism educate visitors about the importance of preserving nature. Tour guides play important role in providing education through interpretation. This study aims to determine the quality of the interpretation given by the tour guide to visitors, as well as the type of interpretation and interpretation facilities used by the tour guide. The research was conducted at Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura Ngurah Rai), and HPI Bali from January – June, 2022. The methods used are observation, documents examination and interviews. The interviewed guides were 26 people, and distributing questionnaire to 50 tourists. This study found that the types of interpretations that are used by Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides and HPI are 9 types, interpretation facilities that are used by Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides are 15 facilities and HPI as many as 15 facilities. The interpretation quality of Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides was good (score 77%) and HPI tour guides was also good (score 75%). The tourist's satisfaction was excellent (score 84.4%). Aspects that affect the quality of tour guide interpretation include education, training, and experience. The expected benefits of this research was it could educate tourists and tour guides about importance of quality interpretation on tourists’ perceptions and attitudes.</p>Ismi Aliya IzaatiA.A. Gde Raka DalemMartin Joni
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https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/91308/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511213814810.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p02 KEANEKARAGAMAN BURUNG AIR DI KAWASAN MANGROVE CENTER KAMPUNG BLEKOK, SITUBONDO, JAWA TIMUR
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/91374
<p>Mangrove Center ??Kampung Blekok is one of the mangrove areas that is a habitat for water birds in Situbondo, East Java. The diversity and activity of water birds has an ecological role in the ecosystem and can be an indicator of wetland conditions. The purpose of this research was to determine the diversity of water bird species and the activities of water birds that dominate in the area. Observations on the diversity of waterbirds used the point count method of data collection, while the observation of activities using the scan sampling method was carried out from 06.00-08.00 am and from 03.00-05.00 pm. There are eight species of permanent resident water birds and one species of migratory water bird. The permanent resident water birds are Bubulcus ibis, Ardeola speciosa, Butorides striatus, Egretta garzetta, Egretta alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardea purpurea, and Tringa hypoleucos species, while the migratory water birds are Himantopus leucocephalus. The diversity index at point 1 and 2 of observation is classified as low, namely 0.90 and the uniformity index is classified as medium level of 0,41 and 0,43. This is due to the presence of dominant species. The activity of the Bubulcus ibis bird at point 1 is dominated by feather-picking activity with a percentage of 47,15%, while at point 2 is dominated by flying activity with a percentage of 55,24%. This is due to the difference in the characteristics of the area at the two observation points and human influence factors.</p>Romlah SetiawatiNi Luh WatiniasihNi Putu Putri Wijayanti
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https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/91374/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511214915910.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p03 REKRUTMEN KARANG ALAMI SCLERACTINIA DI SEKITAR CORAL GARDEN NUSA DUA REEF FOUNDATION, NUSA DUA, BALI
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/91437
<p>Coral reefs are one of the ecosystems that have an important role for humans. Indonesia is a country that has the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world, however, the condition of coral reef cover that is declared to be poor is relatively not small. Nusa Dua is one of Indonesia’s coast chosen for coral rehabilitation. Coral transplantation and its maintenance have been carried out for seven years by the Nusa Dua Reef Foundation (NDRF) at the <em>coral garden</em>, that located in Nusa Dua. This study was conducted to determine the effect of <em>coral garden</em> on recruitment in the surrounding waters by observing the coral recruitment in the area around the NDRF’s <em>coral garden</em>. Coral recruitment was determined by observing the species of recruit and its density. Recruit colony were determined by using the <em>Underwater photo transect</em> Method (UPT). The study resulted that the overall recruit coral density was 0.65 colonies/m2 which was classified as low. The study found 25 colonies of natural coral recruits from seven genus and six families. The recruit species found were <em>Goniastrea</em> sp., <em>Pocillopora damicornis</em>, <em>Porites</em> sp., <em>Stylophora</em> sp.1, <em>Stylophora</em> sp.2, <em>Galaxea fascicularis</em>, <em>Montipora digitate</em>, <em>Psammocora</em> sp. The species most commonly found was <em>Pocillopora damicornis</em>.</p>Kezia Ruth Marganti SitompulLuh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma YuniJob Nico Subagio
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https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/91437/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511216017310.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p04 POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE GAJAH (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Salmonella sp. YANG DIISOLASI DARI TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/92202
<p>Telur ayam kampung adalah salah satu sumber protein yang digemari masyarakat. Konsumsi telur ayam kampung mentah perlu diwaspadai oleh masyarakat karena terdapat resiko kontaminasi bakteri patogen, salah satunya adalah bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. Antibakteri merupakan senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh organisme dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh bakteri patogen. Jahe gajah (<em>Zingiber officinale </em>var. Roscoe) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memeriksa kontaminasi <em>Salmonella</em> sp. pada telur ayam kampung mentah yang dijual pada Pasar Badung dan potensi ekstrak etanol jahe gajah (<em>Z</em><em>.</em><em> officinale </em>var. Roscoe) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp., serta mengukur <em>Minimum Inhibitory Concentration</em> (MIC) dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. Keberadaan bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. yang diisolasi dari telur ayam kampung yang dijual di Pasar Badung diuji dengan menggunakan metode <em>pour plate </em>pada media selektif <em>Salmonella-Shigella Agar </em>(SSA) dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia sebagai uji konfirmasi. Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. digunakan konsentrasi (90% (b/v); 80% (b/v); 70% (b/v); 60% (b/v); kontrol positif (ciprofloxacin 1%) serta kontrol negatif (etanol) dengan metode sumur difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 144 sampel telur ayam kampung mentah, terdapat 4 sampel (2,78%) yang terkontaminasi bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. Ekstrak etanol jahe gajah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp, dengan diameter daya hambat sebesaar 20,6 mm pada konsentrasi ekstrak 90% dan MIC dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella</em> sp. adalah 10% dengan daya hambat sebesar 6 mm.</p>Carmen Gisela ChandrikaRetno KawuriA.A. Ketut Darmadi
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/92202/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511217418710.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p05 IDENTIFIKASI IKAN TONGKOL DARI PASAR IKAN KEDONGANAN, KUTA, KABUPATEN BADUNG, BALI
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/95134
<p>Ikan tongkol merupakan spesies yang tergolong dalam famili Scombridae. Terdapat berapa jenis ikan tongkol yaitu tongkol abu-abu, tongkol lisong, tongkol komo dan tongkol krai. Secara morfologi, spesies ikan tongkol mirip satu dengan lainnya. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam pencatatan di lapangan dalam menentukan produksi spesies ikan tongkol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ikan tongkol yang ada di Pasar Ikan Kedonganan, Badung, Bali menggunakan gen COI (<em>Cytochrome C Oxidase</em> Subunit I). Dua spesies ikan tonggol dibeli dari Pasar Ikan Kedonganan, Badung, Bali. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dari sirip ikan menggunakan chelex, dilanjutkan dengan amplifikasi ruas gen COI. Produk PCR kemudian dielektroforesis dan disekuens. Sekues DNA dicocokkan dengan <em>database</em> menggunakan <em>Basic Local Alignment Search Tool</em> (BLAST) yang terdapat pada NCBI (<em>National Center for Biotechnology Information</em>). Ekstraksi menghasilkan DNA dengan konsentrasi 5,91 ng/ml dengan rasio A260/A280 =1,3 untuk sampel 1, sedangkan untuk sampel 2 konsentrasi DNA adalah 6,27 ng/ml dengan rasio A260/A280 = 1,33. Produk PCR yang dihasilkan berukuran sekitar 700bp. Hasil sekuen gen COI memiliki panjang ukuran gen 682 bp untuk kedua spesies ikan. Analisis BLAST menghasilkan persen identitas sebesar 99.84-100% dengan tongkol komo (<em>Euthynnus affinis</em>) dan tongkol lisong (<em>Auxis rochei</em>).</p>Alifya Ibnu AzizMade PharmawatiNi Luh Watiniasih
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/95134/5
2023-09-252023-09-2511218819610.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p06 GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI KELENJAR MAMMAE MENCIT DENGAN PEMBERIAN SEDUHAN DAUN UBI KAYU
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/97595
<p>Fitoestrogen merupakan senyawa dari tumbuhan yang memiliki kemiripan struktur dan memiliki efek seperti estrogen. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu jenis senyawa fitoestrogen. Daun ubi kayu diketahui mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh seduhan daun ubi kayu (<em>Manihot esculenta </em>Crantz.) terhadap gambaran histologi kelenjar <em>mammae </em>mencit (<em>Mus musculus</em>) betina. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari K0 sebagai kontrol diberi akuades 0,5 mL/bb/hr, P1 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 7%, P2 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 9%, P3 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 11% selama 21 hari. Pada hari ke-22 dilakukan pembedahan, kemudian kelenjar <em>mammae </em>mencit (<em>M. musculus</em>) betina diambil untuk dibuat sayatan histologi. Sayatan histologi kelenjar <em>mammae </em>mencit dibuat dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan hematoxylyn-eosin serta diamati dibawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 100x dengan bantuan optilab dan program <em>image raster</em>. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rata-rata jumlah alveoli kelenjar <em>mammae</em>, jumlah duktus kelenjar <em>mammae</em>, serta diameter duktus kelenjar <em>mammae </em>mencit (<em>M. musculus</em>) betina. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara statistik dengan program SPSS seri 23 <em>for Windows</em>. Apabila dari hasil analisis berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seduhan daun ubi kayu secara nyata meningkatkan rata-rata jumlah alveoli, jumlah duktus dan diameter duktus kelenjar <em>mammae </em>mencit (<em>Mus musculus</em>) betina. Dosis seduhan daun ubi kayu (<em>M. esculenta </em>Crantz.) yang paling berpengaruh adalah dosis 9 g/Kg BB mencit (<em>M. musculus</em>) betina.</p>I Gusti Ayu Intan WarmadewiNi Made Rai SuarniNi Wayan Sudatri
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/97595/4
2023-09-252023-09-2511219720510.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p07 KEANEKARAGAMAN KUPU-KUPU DI DESA SANGEH, KABUPATEN BADUNG, PROVINSI BALII
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/97598
<p>Butterflies have a biological function that can be used as a bioindicator of health assessment in an environment. This is because butterflies are insects or organisms that are very sensitive to changes in an environment so they are suitable as a study of conservation biology studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the type or diversity of butterflies in Sangeh Village. Butterfly sample data collection was carried out using the roaming method and was carried out for 3 months. Butterfly sampling was carried out on 8 lines called stations and sampling was repeated 4 times. Butterfly identification was carried out in two ways, namely in situ (at the research site) and ex-situ (outside the research location). The results of the research in Sangeh Village found 41 types of butterflies. The results of calculating the diversity index of butterflies at all stations were 3.18 with the highest diversity index at station II (3.02), while the lowest was at station VI (2.54).</p>Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Adi Permana DinataA.A.Gde Raka DalemNi Made Made Suartini
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/97598/5
2023-09-302023-09-3011220621410.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p08 KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN EKOWISATA KAMPOENG KEPITING, DESA TUBAN, BALI
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/101409
<h2>Mangrove memiliki keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan atau vegetasi yang terdiri dari vegetasi mangrove sejati dan mangrove asosiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Komposisi spesies tumbuhan mangrove dan keanekaragaman tumbuhan mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kwadrat pada dua stasiun, yaitu stasiun 1 (mangrove alami) dan stasiun 2 (mangrove reboisasi). Komposisi spesies ditentukan dengan indek nilai penting (INP) dan keanekaragaman menggunakan indek diversitas Shanon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis mangrove sebanyak 11 jenis, yang terdiri dari 4 jenis adalah mangrove sejati dan 7 spesies mangrove asosiasi. Spesies mangrove yang mendominasi adalah <em>Sonneratia alba </em>(INP=126,16%) dan <em>Rhizophora mucronata </em>(INP=108,18%). Struktur vegetasi terdiri dari tiga kategori yaitu pohon, pancang dan semai. Pada tingkat pohon didominasi oleh <em>Sonneratia alba </em>(INP:175,0%)<em>, </em> pada tingkat pancang didominasi oleh <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em> (INP: 191,60%) dan pada tingkat semai didominasi oleh jenis <em>Rhizophora mucronata </em>(INP: 221,76%). Indek keanekaragaman vegetasi sebesar 1,47 dan nilai indek kemerataan sebesar 0,61, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kondisi mangrove pada kawasan mangrove di kawasan Kampoeng Kepiting termasuk kategori mantap/stabil. </h2>Federika KambuI Ketut GinantraMartin Joni
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https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/101409/5
2023-09-302023-09-3011221522510.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p09 PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK BIOLOGIS KOPEPODA Acartia spp., Tisbe spp. dan Oithona spp.
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/97535
<p>Copepods are one of the most abundant types of zooplankton from the Crustacean class in nature, their existence is the key to the survival of biota at a higher level by being a source of food for various types of fish larvae and shrimp. However, the large potential utilization of Copepods for the fishing industry, especially hatcheries, is not accompanied by information regarding the most optimal species for mass development. This study aims to determine the comparison of morphological characteristics between the copepods <em>Acartia</em> spp., <em>Tisbe</em> spp. and <em>Oithona</em> spp. which can be used as a reference for the development of copepods as an alternative natural feed for fish larvae. This research was conducted at the Gondol Maritime Cultivation Research and Fisheries Extension Center (BBRBLPP) from July to December 2019. Copepod sampling was carried out at BBRBLPP's experimental ponds in Pejarakan Village, District Gerokgak. Based on this research, it is known that the distinguishing characteristics between <em>Acartia</em> spp., <em>Tisbe</em> spp. and <em>Oithona</em> spp. are body size (length and width), length and number of segments in the antenna, number of eggs and number of segments in the urosome. Body of <em>Acartia</em> spp. has the largest maximum size (length 0,86±0,3 µm; width 0,36±0,11 µm) compared to <em>Tisbe</em> spp. (length 0,75±0,2 µm; width 0,24±0,07 µm) and <em>Oithona</em> spp. (length 0,4±0,14 µm; width 0,1±0,04 µm).</p>Mukhamad IndraDeny SuhernawanKetut Maha Setyawati
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/97535/5
2023-09-302023-09-3011222623710.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p10 STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS OBAT BIOLOGI PADA SEL MAMALIA CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY (CHO) : SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/106072
<p>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are essential cells frequently used to produce biopharmaceutical molecules, especially glycoproteins. Nevertheless, to obtain an efficient production process and effective therapeutic consistency, the right strategy is needed to improve the quality of biological drug products. It is known that all the critical molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins, and many therapeutic proteins, such as vaccines, antibodies, and enzymes, require glycans to have total biologic activity. This review discusses the strategy used in CHO cells to modulate sialylation patterns through overexpression of sialyltransferases, CMP-sialic acid transporter, UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase (GNE), ManNAc kinase (MNK), and other related enzymes. In addition to modulating biosynthetic pathways to increase sialic acid content with gene overexpression techniques, this review includes methods for inserting glycosylation sites and manipulating glycans to produce the desired glycoforms. An approach through protein fusion techniques with Fc molecules from human IgG is also discussed to increase the protein half-life. Finally, as a strategy to improve the quality of biopharmaceutical molecules, this review also discusses the importance of cell monoclonalization in developing a cell line that truly originates from a single clone. This is a very critical step to obtain batch to batch consistency during the production process of a biopharmaceutical molecule.</p>Alayna Lillahida Indri HimawanAdi SantosoEndah Puji SeptisetyaniPekik Wiji PrasetyaningrumNurul Maulida RahmaInna Narayani
##submission.copyrightStatement##
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/workflow/index/106072/5
2023-09-302023-09-3011223825010.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p11