Adjacency Pairs Used by the Students of Royal Bali in Mock Class

Judul dari makalah ini adalah “Adjacency Pairs Used by the Students of Royal Bali in Mock Class”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis percakapan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Royal Bali. Studi ini menyelidiki fungsi bahasa dan ekspresinya, dan adjacency pairs yang terjadi dalam percakapan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan teori language function and expression oleh Blundell (1982) dan teori pragmatic oleh Levinson (1983) dalam hal adjacency pairs. Beberapa fungsi bahasa digunakan oleh siswa yaitu salam, menawarkan sesuatu, memberi penjelasan, meminta, memberi saran, meminta maaf dan berterima kasih. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan perbedaan kategori organisasi dalam percakapan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Royal Bali dalam hal adjacency pairs. Sebagian besar adjacency pairs dibagi menjadi dua tipe, adjacency pair linier dan penyisipan. Pada tipe linier, pola tanya jawab adalah jenis adjacency pair yang kebanyakan terjadi.


Background of the Study
Language is used for communication with others.When people are engaged in conversation, they share common principles of conversation that lead to interpreting each other's utterances as contributing to conversation (Richard and Schmidt, 1983:20).People in the world need to communicate to one another, because by nature one cannot stand alone without making any contact with others.The purpose of conversation usually includes the exchange of information, creation, and maintenance of social relationship such as friendship, negotiation of status and social roles.One way of approaching the study of conversation is to study the correlation between such facts of social order and features of talk as language function.
There is one well known and important language widely spoken in the world; that is English.It becomes a means of communication of international relationship.It is required in different sectors such as science, business, political relationship, technology and, of course, tourism industry.In Indonesia, as one of developing countries, English is needed to support the development itself.English is taught in elementary school, junior high school, senior high schools, university, college and informal institution such as course places.

Problem of the Study
The problems can be formulated as follows: a. What types of adjacency pairs are used by the students of Royal Bali in mock class?b.What types of language functions are used by the student of Royal Bali in mock class?

Aims of the Study
There are three specific aims of this study: a.To explain the organization of conversation in terms of adjacency pairs used by the students of Royal Bali.b.To identify and describe the language function used by the students of Royal Bali.

Research Method 4.1 Data Source
The data were taken from the conversation used by the students of Royal Bali in mock class.There were 3 classes at Royal Bali Collage.In one semester, they are learning Food and Beverage Product, House Keeping Knowledge and Practice, Bar Service and Front Office.The data were taken from one class consisting of 25 students.In Food and Beverage Product, the conversation was taken when they practiced as waiter and guest.In House Keeping Knowledge and Practice, the conversation was taken when they practiced as room boy and guest.In Front Office, the conversation was taken when they practiced as receptionist and guest.In Bar Service, the conversation was taken when they practiced as barman and guest.

Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The data were collected through non participatory observation with some techniques; they are recording, listening and note taking.In this study, the non-participant observation was used; the writer observed the activities of the students by observing the students when they practiced in Food and Beverage Product, House Keeping Knowledge and Practice, Bar Service and Front Office.Then the data were collected by taking a note and recording the utterance of the students while they were involved conversations in mock class.After that, the recorded data were intensified and very carefully listened to.The recorded data also were selected to make the data easier to analyze.

Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
The collected data were qualitatively analyzed based on the theory applied in this study.There are some steps used in analyzing the collected data.The first step of analysis was all the data obtained in the observation already recorded were transcribed into the written form.The data analyzed were taken from the written form consisting of several data that were classified into some groups according to some sub topics of analysis.The second was analyzing the data based on the theory.Transcribed conversations were analyzed using the theory of language function and expression proposed by Blundell (1982), the theory proposed by Levinson (1983) in terms of adjacency pairs.The waiter said "Would you prefer a table in smoking area or nonsmoking area?" was a question and the guest answered "In non-smoking area, please ".The waiter said, "Would you prefer a table in smoking area or nonsmoking area?", meaning that he was offering place to sit.The guest would make a decision to sit at table in the smoking area or non-smoking area.This is a formal expression where the waiter used the words "Would you…..", meaning that the waiter wanted to show his respect to the guest.

c. Describing Thing
Guest : Thank you.What's this item here?Item 6 (Question 7) Waiter : That's vegetable with your chicken, Mam.(Answer 7) The guest said "What's this item here?Item 6"is A question and the waiter said "That's vegetable with your chicken, Mam" as the answer.This is another expression to describe something to make the guest understand.It is a formal expression, and the waiter tried to explain what the guest asked.The waiter explained that item 6 was vegetable; he tried to make the guest understand item 6.

d. Giving Suggestion
Waiter : How about the soup?(Question 8) Guest 1 : I'd like clam chowder, please.(Answer 8) The waiter said "How about the soup?" is a question and the guest said "I'd like clam chowder, please" as the answer.The function of language in the form of giving suggestion was used by the waiter to help the guest when the guest was confused to make decision.The sentence "How about the soup?" said by the waiter is informal expression.He wanted to suggest the guest if he or she would like to have a soup.

e. Apologizing Waiter
: We apologize about this.(Statement 5) Guest : Oh, that's all right.Now, can I pay by travelers cheque?(Respond 5) The waiter said "We apologize about this"; it is statement and the guest respond with "Oh, that's all right.Now, can I pay by travelers cheque?".This expression of language was used to apologize.This expression means that the