Language Style in Romantic Movies

This study aims to find out the types of language style in romantic movies and what is the dominant type of language style that found in romantic movies. The data were taken from romantic movie entitled The Last Song (2010) and Midnight Sun (2018). The data were collected by using documentation method by applying qualitative audio-visual materials technique. In analysing the data, this study used both qualitative method and quantitative method and for the presenting data and analysis, formal and informal method were used. The data were analyzed using theory of language style by Joos (1976) and theory of context situation by Hymes (1974). The result shows that all types of language style are found in Romantic movie. In The Last Song (2010) movie could be found frozen style, formal style, consultative style, intimate style and casual style. Meanwhile in Midnight Sun (2018) movie there are only formal style, consultative style, intimate style and casual style. The dominant type found in romantic movies is intimate style, while the least is frozen style.


INTRODUCTION
In society there are a lot of language variation occur that makes a different style for each society. In using language, people have different way to express their feeling or thought according to the context and situation.
Holmes (2013:239) stated that language varies according to its uses as well as its users, according to where it is used and to whom, as well as according to who is using it. The addressees and the context affect our choice of code or variety, whether language, dialect or style.
Variation of language can be shown by the fact that speakers can adopt different style of speaking or called language style. According to Waldaugh (2006: 53) you can speak very formally or very informally; your choice being governed by circumstances. Ceremonial occasions almost invariably require very formal speech, public lectures somewhat less formal, casual conversation quite informal, and conversations between intimates on matters of little importance may be extremely informal and casual.
There are some related researchers have been done previously. Those previous research have their own specification related to the subject and object of the research in order to conduct this research, the writer read some previous researches as the example and literature review.
The first article written by Tololiu (2017) entitled Language Styles with Reference to the Movie Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine. The aims of this thesis to identify the language style used by all characters in the movie including the types of language style and also factors influencing the characters to use the language.
The second article written by Jawas (2015) entitled Language Style Used by Fangirls in Japanese Idol Online Community. The aims of this study to identify the written language style and its meaning that is used by Fangirls in Japanese Idol online community and another aim is to present jargon used in Japanese idol online community.
The third undergraduate thesis that written by Lailah (2015) entitled An Analysis of Language Style used in "Two fast and Two Furious" movie. The aims of this study to describe some kinds of language style and describe when that language style used.
The fourth article that written by Simamora (2016) entitled Language Style Found in Indonesian Movies. The aims of this study to identify kinds of language style and tries to find the most dominant language style usage employed on the Five Indonesian movies.
Another one that written by Jamil and Nasrum (2018) entitled Language Style Used in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and The Cursed Child. The aim of this research is to find out the kind of language styles used by Albus and the social factors that influence his utterances in this novel.
Language style can occur in every conversation and dialogues. Generally, when watch a movie, the focus of the audience only about the story and actors in the movie. But in the other hand, the way actors conveying language and style that the used are often ignored. Thus, it is so interesting to know language style in a movie. There are a lot of movies in different genre in this world and one of them is romantic movie.
Based on the background of study above, the problems are: a. The aims of this study are: a. To find out type and describe the type of language style in romantic movie. b. To find out the dominant type of language style in romantic movies.

METHOD
Methodology is very important and it provides the crucial steps that are used in conducting scientific research. The research method used in this study classified into three parts:

Data Source
Data source of this study is primary data which is kind of spoken data that were taken from the dialogues between the actors and actress in The Last Song (2010) and also Midnight Sun (2018) movies. Data were taken from Layar Kaca 21 that is a website that provide all movies that had been played in cinema. The Last Song (2010) and also Midnight Sun (2018) movies were chosen as the data because these movies so relevant with the study since talk about language style in romantic movie, there are a lot of situation that makes the actress convey their language with different styles according to the context and situation. These movies are so interesting to compare each other since both of them are best romantic movie but in different year.

Method and Technique of Collecting Data
Data collection is important to determine the data of the study. Method that is used in data collection is documentation method. The data were collected from the conversation in the movies. There were several steps applied in collecting the data: First, the movies and also the subtitles; second, watch the movies while reading the subtitle to make sure the correct words; third, understanding the script and movie; and finally, give mark using highlighter pen and coded the utterances in the transcript that include types of the language styles. analysis the language style.

Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
The steps in analyzing data are describing the types of language style that used in The Last Song (2010) and also Midnight Sun (2018) movies by theory type of language style that proposed by Joos (1976) and supported with theory context of situation by Hymes (1974) in understanding the context of situation.

Method and Technique of Presenting Data
Technique of presenting data were both used formal and informal method, since used words and sentence to explain the analysis but also used table to present the data analysis.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
The analysis was done base on the theory type of language style proposed by Joos (1967) and also used theory context of situation proposed by Hymes (1974) as the supported theory. This conversation happened between Stave and Will, they talked face to face at seashore in tense situation that felt by Will. It began when Ronnie met Will who is the volunteer from the aquarium. They were sitting on the beach at evening to guard the turtle eggs from raccoon. They decided to sleep there and suddenly Steve; Ronnie's father came to visit them and made a line in the middle of them in order to make a limit between them. The conversation above was about Stave that made a line at sand and asked Will was it fine for him.

Types of Language Style
Language style that is used by Will to Steve is Formal style it can be seen from the sentences "Hello, sir" and "yes sir. I understand, sir". That sentences indicate Formal style because it uses sentences structure that shows less intimacy, the speaker are very careful to use choice of words, pronunciation and the speaker also uses the word "sir" to call Steve. Another reason is because that conversation happened in Formal situation, it can be seen from the expression of Will and contextual meaning that happened. Will used that language to make it more polite because it was the first time Will meet Ronnie's dad. This conversation took place at Katie's home at the night, Charlie came to Katie's home to ask permission from Jack as the father of Katie because they were leaving the city together. Jack and Charlie sat together while waiting Kattie for dressing up. Charlie was very nervous when Jack asked about himself. Since it was the first time Charlie met Jack.
Language style that is used by Charlie to Jack is Formal style it can be seen from the sentences "No, sir, I… just Charlie" and "No sir". That sentences indicate Formal style because it uses sentences structure that shows less intimacy, the speaker are very careful choice of words, pronunciation and Charlie uses the word "sir" to call. Another reason, that conversation happened in formal situation, it can be seen from the expression of Charlie and contextual meaning that happened. Charlie uses that language to make it more polite because it was the first time Charlie meets Katie's father. There were two participants in the conversation, Katie and Charlie. This conversation was taking place at Train station. Katie that left her notebook back to station to pick it up. But there Charlie stood while brought Katie's notebook. Katie was feeling so shy and then Katie told Charlie, she wanted to walk to home. But Charlie who had an interest on Katie wanted to follow Katie so he asked to walked together. The situation was in semiformal situation since it was the first time Charlie met Katie but they tried to talk casually. The conversation above uses Consultative style since the speaker gives suggestion and the addresser response shortly with the standard signals of Consultative style "Um, yeah". So that it can be conclude this conversation is Consultative style. This conversation happened when Jonah and his sister and mother arrived at his Father's home. Jonah who just arrived to called his father. Stave responded and they hugged each other. The situation was very relaxed and warm where they were happy to meet each other after separating long enough. As seen in conversation above, Jonah uses Intimate Style, it can be seen in the word "Dad" that come from extraction of Daddy, Jonah uses that because he has really close relationship, that is between son and father, in other hand Steve also uses Intimate Style, it can be seen at the word "Joe-Boy". Steve uses that word to call his son which is "Joe" stands for the name of his son, Jonah and "Boy" is used to say that Jonah still child. This conversation indicates Intimate Style because it uses private language, meanwhile this conversation also happened between dad and son that has close relationship, that suitable with the characteristic of Intimate Style. This conversation was taking place at Katie's house in relaxed situation when Morgan was trying to dress Katie, started from choosing clothes and also did make up. Katie that never dressed up before looked different and beautiful. That is why when Jack was looking her daughter, he was very happy and was stunned to see the beauty of his daughter.
The conversation above uses Intimate style, it can be seen from the words "wow peanut… you look amazing". The word "peanut" here has meaning implicitly. It does not mean a peanut kind of food but it means love and word to show affection. Jack uses that word indicates Intimate style since that adressed to her daughter that means they have close relationship and this word also kind of jargon so that it is suitable for the characteristic of Intimate style. e. Casual style Data 1 (The Last Song) (00:04:06 -00:04:08) Will: You Ok? Ronnie : I would rather drink my milkshake than wear it, but I'm fine.
The conversation above happened at seashore when Ronnie was walking at seashore. Will accidentally threw a ball and hit Ronnie's head when Ronnie held on a strawberry shake that made the drink spilled onto Ronnie's clothes. Ronnie felt upset but she was trying to calm down. She answered sarcastically when Will asked about her condition after was hit by the ball.
The words that is used by Will for the first time they met are indicates Casual style because it happened in informal situation with less grammar and short sentence. In other hand, language that is used by Will indicates Casual style because it is suitable with the characteristic of Casual style that addressed to a stranger, but it serves to make someone an insider simply by treating someone as an insider. This conversation was taking place when Charlie and his friends were celebrating their graduation but because Charlie still felt bad about his condition that he could not swim again so he decided to go home first. While Charlie's friends are trying to convince him to stay because that day is their graduation day. This conversation indicates Casual style. Since it is taking place in informal situation at the graduation party. Beside of that, this conversation indicates Casual style because the sentence "C'mmon, dude…" kind of slang word from "Come on" and the word "dude" also slang word from the word "brother". The characteristic of Casual style is using slang word and used in informal situation between close friends.

Dominant Type of Language Style
The table above shows the frequency types of language style in The Last Song (2010) and Midnight sun (2018) that are analyzed. The types of language style in Romantic movies can be seen from the previous analysis that has been completed. In The Last song (2010) movie, all types of language styles exist, ranging from frozen style, formal style, consultative style, intimate style and casual style. But in Midnight Sun (2018) movie not all types of language style are found, only formal style, consultative style, intimate style and casual style, while frozen style is not found. So that