Types and Meanings of Compound Words Found in Medical Textbook Entitled Gray’s Basic Anatomy

The title of this study is “Types and Meanings of Compound Words Found in Medical Textbook Entitled Gray’s Basic Anatomy”. This study aims to identify the types and analyze the meanings of compound words found in a medical textbook entitled “Gray’s Basic Anatomy”. The data of this study were collected by using documentation method with note taking technique. This descriptive qualitative study used two theories to analyze the data. The types of compound words were identified by using the theory of compounding proposed by Plag (2003). Meanwhile, the types of meaning of the compound words were analyzed based on the theory of meaning proposed by Ulmmann (1972). After analyzing the data, three types of compound words were found in the medical textbook entitled “Gray’s Basic Anatomy”, they are nominal, adjectival, and neoclassical compounds. Nominal compounds found totaled 37 while adjectival compounds found totaled 42 and neoclassical compound found totaled 135 out of 214. However, verbal compounds were not found in this medical textbook. Based on the analysis of meaning, two types of meaning were found in this medical textbook, they are transparent and opaque meaning. The compounds which have transparent meaning totaled 197 while the compounds which have opaque meaning only totaled 17.


Background of the Study
Morphology is a study that focuses on how words are formed or constructed. In morphology, there is a process which is called morphological process that plays the most important role to create a new word. The morphological process itself can be divided into three main processes; those are compounding, affixation, and conversion (Katamba, 1993:112). Among those processes, this study only focuses on words that are created through the compounding process. Compounding is defined as the process of combining two or more words into a single entity that expresses a single idea. The product of this process is called compound word. It is a new word formed by the combination of two or more words.
This study focuses on the analysis of types and meanings of compound words found in a medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic anatomy". It contains a detailed description of human physical structure and additional clinical and imaging materials. This textbook is used to help student enhance their knowledge about anatomy as it is a basic science in medical education. In this medical textbook, the compound words which are related to the medical term can be found. Those specific compounds are different from the compound words which are usually found in novels, newspapers, or other books. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze compound words found in this medical textbook.

Problems of the Study
a) What types of compound words are found in the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy"? b) What meanings of compound words are found in the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy"?

Aims of the Study a)
To identify types of compound words found in the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy". b) To analyze the meanings of compound words found in the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy".

Research method
Research method is the way or procedure required in conducting a research to produce a specific study. The research method in this study involves four main aspects, namely data source, method and technique of collecting data, method and technique of analyzing data, and method and technique of analyzing data.

Data source
The study used compound words which were obtained from a medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy". This textbook is concerned with the physical structure (anatomy) of human as the basic science of medicine. It has 610 pages which are divided into 8 chapters that contain explanations of regional anatomy, surface anatomy, and clinical material. This textbook was chosen as the data source since it contains compound words which were needed for this research.

Method and Technique of Collecting data
In this study, documentation method was used to collect the data of compound words from the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy". The technique used in collecting data was note taking, which took several steps as follows: first, reading the medical textbook entitled "Gray"s Basic Anatomy" carefully. After that, the compound words which were found in this medical textbook were noted.

Method and Techniques of Analyzing data
This study used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the types and meanings of compound words. In this study, the data were analyzed by using several techniques as follows: first, the types of compound words were identified based on the theory of compounding proposed by Plag (2003). After identifying the types, the meanings of compound words were analyzed based on the theory proposed by Ullmann (1972). In addition, the meanings of specific compounds related to the medical term were defined by using Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Online (2018).

Method and Technique of Presenting the Result of Data Analysis
This study used the formal and informal method to present the analysis. The formal method can be defined as a way of presenting analysis in which tables, diagrams, or symbols are used. Meanwhile, the informal method means the analysis is presented in the form of words, sentence, or paragraphs. The techniques of presenting the analysis in this study involve several steps: first, several data were chosen to represent the types of compound words. After that, each collected data was presented in the form of a diagram to show its components. Then, the explanation of the type and meaning of each compound word was given below the diagram in the form of a paragraph.

Results and discussions 5.1 Types and Meanings of Compound words
According to Plag (2003), there are four types of compounds; they are nominal, adjectival, verbal, and neoclassical compounds. However, there are only three types of compounds found in the study; namely nominal, adjectival, and neoclassical compounds.

Nominal Compounds
A nominal compound can be defined as a compound that has a noun as its head. A nominal compound can have noun, verb, adjective, or preposition as its non-head. The example of nominal compounds is given as follows: 1. Trigger Finger Trigger finger (N)

Trigger (N) finger (N)
Based on the diagram above, the compound word "trigger finger" is formed by combining two words, namely "trigger" and "finger". Based on the lexical category of a word, both of these words are nouns. The combination of the words "trigger" and "finger" creates the compound word "trigger finger" that belongs to a nominal compound. It is considered as a nominal compound since it is formed by nouns and the referent of the compound as a whole is also a noun.
Semantically, the noun trigger can be defined as something that capable to cause something else to happen. It also can be defined as a lever of a gun that causes the gun to fire. Meanwhile, the noun finger can be defined as a part of the hand, especially any of five members at the terminal part of a hand. These two words are combined to form the nominal compound "trigger finger" that brings a new meaning. This new meaning cannot simply be predicted just by looking at the meaning of the word trigger and finger. In the data source, the compound word "trigger finger" does not mean "the finger that used to pull a trigger of a gun" or "the finger that is related to a trigger". However, the meaning of "trigger finger" is an abnormal condition in which flexion