Positive Politeness Strategy And Social And Culture Value In Convenience Store Woman

Language is a representation and an identity for each nation, it is part of the culture. Language is used as a tool to communicate and becomes a path to express other culture and social values. It comes with various forms, one of them is dialogue. Dialogue has an element called positive politeness strategy, a way for people to maintain harmonious relationship with others. Through analyzing dialogues, it also able to un-covers the culture and social value in the environment. Hence this article has the aim to find out what are the positive politeness strategy used by the main character in the novel Convenience Store Woman and what are the culture and social values reflected in it. This article relies on a qualitative method. The source of the data comes from the dialogue of main character (i.e., Keiko Furukura) in the novel Convenience Store Woman and obtained with documentation and observation technique. The data then will be analyzed by applying Content Analysis technique based on Levinson and Brown’s positive politeness strategy (1987). The result shows that there are fifteen positive politeness strategy, Keiko Furukura uses fourteen out of fifteen strategies. She never uses the ‘Joke’ strategy and frequently uses ‘Give gifts to Hearer’ strategy as the answer for the first question. Subsequently, to answer the second question, the culture of zangyō and the society problem about marriage and labor shortage are apparent in the story as shown by the dialogue spoken by Keiko Furukura. Norms or and code); Norms of Interac-tion


Introduction
Language is the universal culture of humanity, also known as representation and identity for each nation and even ethnicity. Additionally, it is a tool for humans to socialize with others and becomes a path for language to express other values of culture and society from the community. In other words, the existence of culture and social values can be seen through language. What the people speak and how the people talk become the reflection of their society. One of the ways to utilize language is by dialogue, a spoken sentence by a character. Dialogue and language go hand in hand. Hence a dialogue can represent the culture and social values where the character is pictured. It is also a way for them to maintain the harmonious relationship they already build with the others. A dialogue with this purpose can be identified with having the element of positive politeness strategy.
It is an indicator to determine how the character interacts with the people around her and to find out the purpose of speaking the dialogue. There are many ways for a character to express feelings and thoughts to the other character, the Hearer. How the feelings and thoughts are expressed depends on the Speaker's aim in saying so. A character can interact with others to approve, show sympathy, and declare that she wants to help to lighten up the mood with jokes and others. These forms of dialogue can determine the strategy applied, hence can determine the purpose behind the use based on the theory referred to for this article. By diving into dialogue, especially in a different language, one can learn more about the other culture and feels the difference between the two cultures.
According to Hamrakulova (2020), the interpretation of politeness is different from one culture to another. When two different cultures interact, it could result in a new mixed culture. This shows more that language, especially politeness, goes hand in hand with culture. This article will become a point to uncover and study Japanese culture and social values more. This can be a way to analyze the deeper of the novel to understand the story and the character better. All this will be interpreted through the dialogue spoken by the

Positive Politeness Strategy
According to Levinson and Brown (1987), positive politeness strategy is redress directed to the addressee's positive face, his perennial desire that his wants (or the actions/acquisition/values resulting from them) should be thought of as desirable. Redress consists in partially satisfying that desire by communicating that one's own wants (or some of them) are in some respects similar to the addressee's wants. It is oriented toward the positive face of Hearer, the positive self-image that he claims for himself. There are fifteen positive politeness strategies, divided to three major categories: people from asking them about partners since they were already in their thirties and still not married yet. Keiko finally tells her sister that she has a partner, and her sister has been interested in her nonstop. Then Keiko shares this experience with Shiraha with this data.
In this data, an exaggeration is used to intrigue Shiraha's interest. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), 'intensify interest to Hearer' strategy is done by 'making a good story' to increase the Hearer's interest. In data three, it can be identified with the 'intensify interest to Hearer strategy' because the part of "… I've never seen her get so excited…" is considered a technique exaggerate her sister's excitement.  Levinson and Brown (1987), this data can be identified with the in-group identity markers strategy because it can be interpreted as jargon. The fourth strategy is used to convey in-group membership. This identification is supported by Dell Hymes ' Speaking Grid (1982) participant. People in this data have the same association toward the word, besides used to greet the customer. It is also used as a warm-up during the briefing. Thus, it can be used to strengthen their solidarity.  Levinson and Brown (1987), this data shows the application of the 'presuppose common ground' strategy.
Keiko presupposes that Shiraha is restless because he wants to go to the toilet. She presupposes what Shiraha wants. In reality, Shiraha just stands up and sits down again without explaining why he is restless. She is trying to make Shiraha feel more comfortable. In Data 9, Keiko is in a briefing with the Manager before starting the shift. The Manager ends the brief with '… Let's all do our best again today!" Keiko responds with this data. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), this strategy is used to stress cooperation with the Hearer. In this data, Keiko emphasizes her collaboration with the Manager by saying, 'we will!'. In this context, the word 'will' means that she will fulfill what is asked by the Hearer. She wants to fulfill her commitment as the convenience store worker.
Data 10 : Be optimistic Keiko's dialogue: Look, we have to work together to pull it off! Tuan, please, get all of these ready now!
In data 10, Keiko is busy preparing the advertisement POP to promote today's special to the customer, and they are behind schedule. Keiko rushes to finish everything and asks Tuan for help, but he is busy inquiring about everything she says. Finally, she utters this data as the last request of help to Tuan. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), this strategy happens when the Speaker assumes cooperation from the Hearer based on a mutually shared interest. In part 'Look, we have to work together to pull it off!...' is where Keiko assumes that Tuan also wants to finish putting up the advertisement POP. Subsequently, the part 'Tuan, please, get all of these ready now!' is where Keiko assumes that Tuan will help her without asking if he wants to help. They both are co-worker hence Keiko assumes Tuan will work together with her.
Data 11 : Include both Speaker and the Hearer in the activity Keiko's dialogue: But, it's dead. Let's eat it! Data 11 is a flashback to when Keiko is still a kid. She was playing in the playground with the other kids and found a dead bird on the ground. She brought it to her mother and told her to let's cook it for dinner. Her mother is flabbergasted, and Keiko uttered this data to convince her mother further to eat it. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), this strategy can be indicated by 'let's,' an inclusive 'we' word. In this data, the word 'let's' is present and used to convince her mom to eat the dead bird together with her. She wants to do this together with her mother and share what she wants with her. Shiraha agrees to Keiko's suggestion to marry her out of convenience. Then Keiko finds out that Shiraha has nowhere to live. Hence Keiko offers him her apartment to live with this data. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), this strategy is indicated when the Speaker claims cooperation by giving reciprocal obligations. The obligation of reciprocal shows in the part where Keiko says '… As long as you pay for food, you can stay there.' Keiko wants to show that they can work together to make they both comfortable.
Data 14 : Give gift to Hearer Keiko's dialogue: I can see how stressful that would be.
Shiraha shares his thoughts on why he does not like to go outside. He says that people like to invade his privacy by asking private questions. Hearing that, Keiko utters this dialogue. According to Levinson and Brown (1987), this strategy is a classic positive politeness action of giving gifts with the output to be liked, admired, cared about, understood, and so on. This data is identified with the 'give gift to Hearer' strategy because Keiko is giving sympathy to Shiraha. She understands what Shiraha feels because she is also like that. She makes Shiraha feel understood.

Culture In Convenience Store Woman
There is one culture that is apparent through Keiko's dialogue. It is the Japanese work culture that is also emphasized by the novel's narration. According to James, et al., (1991), Japanese workers are perceived to be deeply dedicated and committed to their work. They often spend time socializing with their co-worker than their family. They tend to be derived from the satisfaction of work activities related. The culture of Japanese hard-work can be found in several of Keiko's dialogues: "… Sixteen years ago, I learned from manager #2 that my pay covers the basic requirement to manage my life so that I'm fit for work. I must get enough sleep before going to work." Page 102 -Paragraph 6 This dialogue shows two strong points regarding the Japanese work culture. The first one is that Keiko stated that she has been working for sixteen years in the same place.
Yet, with the years she spent in the convenience store, she never gets a promotion and is still stuck as a part-time worker. Keiko does not mind the stagnant sixteen years because she still gets satisfaction from finishing her job as a part-time worker at the convenience store. She also does her best to fulfill her commitment to the convenience store by ensuring she has enough sleep to be fit tomorrow and be at her best productivity. In other words, Keiko is loyal to where she works, the convenience store.
"Um. I don't think I can. I have to be in good physical shape for work the next day, so I'd better get home early." Page 74 -Paragraph 3 In this dialogue, her mother asks Keiko when she can visit her and her husband again.
Keiko then reminded that she could not get home during New Year's Event because she was busy working at the convenience store. This dialogue becomes another proof of the Japanese work culture. They often prefer to spend time with their co-workers working Because what matters to her now is that she still works as a convenience store worker, and she will be loyal to her work until the day she dies, as she stated. She and the convenience store are now one and inseparable, the soul of the convenience store is flowing through her body.
Besides the work culture, two social problems are addressed in the novel and shown through Keiko's dialogue. The first one is the labor shortage which is mentioned multiple times. For example, in this dialogue: "Really, he left us in the lurch again? I can't believe he'd do that knowing how short-staffed we are." Page 28 -Paragraph 3 In this dialogue, Sugawara, Mrs. Izumi, and Keiko are talking in the back room of the convenience store. This room is where the worker gets ready before their shift. They are frustrated that the convenience store has had a hard time finding a new worker to fill the shifts. The manager has tried many ways to find a new worker, and he interviewed many people. However, not everyone fits according to the manager's criteria. As a result, there are times when the manager asks Keiko to work an additional shift, as shown in data 5. Here Keiko stresses to the manager that it is better if they can find a new worker as soon as possible.
According to Couture (2018), the Japanese have faced this problem due to the declining population of young people. This is why the Japanese government decided to pass legislation that allowed more foreign workers in Japan to solve the problem. The number of foreign workers in Japan has more than doubled since 2000. This solution is also This is Keiko's respond to her friends when they start to invade her privacy about her marital status. She knows that she is not weak. She is strong and fit for a woman of her age. She can still work hard as a convenience store worker, yet she uses this excuse when her friends ask why she does not have a husband. Keiko keeps giving many reasons and refuses to find someone to the point that her friends speculate that she may be asexual. In this novel, Keiko never mentions planning her future with a husband and a child in vision.
The closest she gets to married is when she proposes a cooperation with Shiraha.
"Shiraha, if all you want is a marriage of convenience, then how about getting together with me?" Page 91 -Paragraph 4 This is the closest point where Keiko wants to get married, unlike the conventional marriage based on feelings and love. She wants to do this based on cooperation and a way to get people to stop asking her about partners. As the story progresses, she realizes that it is not working for her. This is not what she wants. Shiraha wants her to start working at an office, but Keiko is loyal to the convenience store. In the end, she chooses the convenience store and leaves Shiraha behind, who forced her to quit the job to which she has devoted her life to for the last sixteen years.

Conclusion
This article was done to find out the positive politeness strategies applied by the main character in the novel Convenience Store Woman and the cultural and social values reflected in it. The theory created by Levinson and Brown (1987) about positive politeness strategy is used as a reference to explain the data and helped with The Ethnography of Speaking by Dell Hymes' (1972). It is established through the analysis that there are fifteen positive politeness strategies, and Keiko uses fourteen strategies.
Throughout the story, Keiko never uses the 'joke' strategy as the answer to the first question. Subsequently, answering the second question regarding the culture and social value in the novel. One cultural value addressed in the novel is the Japanese working culture, where they are identified as hard workers and have a high dedication to their workplace. There are also two social issues addressed in the novel. The main character sees through the first problem, which is low-rate marriage. The first problem leads to