Design and Development of a Web-Based Plastic Waste Recycling Information System case study: Bali Pet Collection Center

A plastic recycling company is an industry that specializes in recycling plastic waste into processable plastic pellets. The current business process still relies on conventional methods for recording activities within the company. The objective of this research is to design and develop a web-based information system for plastic waste recycling. The waterfall methodology employed as the software development method. The system is tested using black box testing and user acceptance testing (UAT) and measured using Likert's summated Rating (LSR) method. The results of the black box testing indicate that the system functions well. Furthermore, the results of the UAT demonstrate that the system as a whole receives highly positive responses and is considered successful.


Introduction
The development of technology today, to win the tight business competition, the application of information and communication technology is very important to be used as the main weapon to advance and develop an organization or company.The utilization of technology has become a reference in the progress of a company today.Information systems are also a system within an organization that meets the needs of managing daily transactions, supporting operations, managerial, and strategic activities of an organization, and providing certain external parties with the reports needed [1] The Bali Pet Collection company is a business engaged in plastic waste management, supported by Danone Indonesia and PT Namasindo Plas.They have formed a partnership to process plastic waste.Bali Pet is capable of managing 300 tons of plastic packaging waste (bottles) every month.The presence of Bali Pet constitutes a Recycle Business Unit (RBU) that receives full support from Danone Aqua.
Plastic waste recycling, which involves plastic bottles, is the process of collecting, sorting, and reprocessing used plastic bottles into reusable raw materials, This recycling process helps reduce the amount of plastic waste that clends up in landfills or even pollutes natural ecosystems such as rivers, seas, and forests.[2].The types of plastic commonly used include PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) and HDPE (high-density polyethylene), and many more types of plastic that people often use in their daily lives.Based on Indonesia's domestic waste statistics, plastic waste is ranked second at 5.4 million tons per year or 14% of total waste production [3].A large amount of single-use plastics can then be collected for recycling into plastic seeds with the same benefits to fulfill human needs.[4] Similar research on plastic waste recycling has been conducted by Aad Ediyansyah with the research title "Design of Web-Based Information System for the Sale of Used Bottles (PET) Recycling."[5] Additionally, similar research on plastic waste recycling has been carried out by Aji Saiful Anwar, Andy Prasetyo Utomo, and Fajar Nugraha with the research title "Web-Based Information System for Plastic Waste Production in UD Bagas Mulya Mejobo Kudus."[6].The difference in previous research, in terms of features and systems, is that they do not use an automated system that more encapsulates all business processes that occur with the website.The system can only manage production and sales activities, while the advantages of the current research lie in the set of features and their automated nature, such as buying, selling, recycling and reporting which cover all the business processes involved through an integrated website.

Research Method
The author adopted the waterfall method as the research methodology for system development.The waterfall method is one application development model and a part of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) [7].Information exploration serves as a reference source to expand the received knowledge.Thus, technological advancements, theories, and relevant information that align with existing needs can develop [8].

Waterfall method
The implementation or application phase is where the system design is transformed into executable code (program).This phase also involves consolidating all the prepared materials into a previously established design.The following is an illustration of the waterfall method's development process.will be explained in the Figure 1.
Figure 1 waterfall Method Figure 1 the presentation of the waterfall system development method consists of four implementation stages that need to be followed [8].

Data Collection
Data collection using various methods.The methods employed for data collection included interviews and discussions, as well as observation and analysis methods.

Design
The next step is the design phase, which involves designing the system based on the data collected from the company.The system design encompasses the design of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Use Cases, Context Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), Physical Data Models (PDM), and wireframes [9].

Coding
This stage is the programming or coding phase, where the system design implemented results using the specified programming language.In this stage, the programming language used PHP with the visual studio code tools and the Laravel framework as the database connector [10] [11].

Testing
The testing phase is conducted on each available feature and function to determine whether the system can perform effectively.The system was tested using the black box testing method [12].Subsequently, further testing was conducted to assess the acceptance of the developed system by users within the company, using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) approach [13].

Maintenance
This stage is crucial for conducting maintenance or upkeep by regularly updating the application to ensure proper maintenance after the testing phase.

Literature Study
In this research, data were obtained through a literature review, which included articles, scientific journals, research reports, books, and internet sources used as references for this study.

Plastic Waste Recycling
The processing of plastic waste into plastic pellets is one of the efforts made to combat environmental pollution.Plastic pellets serve as material for producing plastic-based products such as household items, electronics, automotive components, and other plastic-based products [14].

Information System
The information system is a component that consists of people, information technology, and work procedures that process, store, analyze, and disseminate information to achieve a goal.Information systems generate information from processed data in a form used for users.Information systems consist of Usefulness, Economy, Reliability, Customer Service, Simplicity, and Flexibility [15].

Laravel
Laravel is a PHP framework released under the MIT license, with its source code provided on GitHub.Laravel built with the MVC (Model-View-Controller) concept, which helps organize code structure by separating the presentation layer from the data handling process, so that if there are changes in the view, they only need to be made in the view component data or processes can be implemented in Model and Controller components [16].

MYSQL
MySQL is a relational database management system that supports databases of relations or tables.MySQL is an open-source database creation program.MySQL databases are known for being powerful, stable, and user-friendly [17].

General Overview
The system overview provides an overview of the system and application workflow [18].The general overview of the plastic waste recycling information system based on a website, as implemented in the company, will be explained in the Figure 2.

Result and Discussion
The results and discussion section about the implementation and testing of the Plastic Waste Recycling Information System at Bali Pet Collection Center, including the implementation and testing of the developed application.

Login Page
The login module is used by users, namely admin, Warehouse admin and owner, to access the Plastic Waste Recycling Information System based on the website.will be explained in the Figure 4.

Dashboard Information
The dashboard is the first page displayed after logging in to this dashboard, information regarding stock and sales data, as well as features specific to each role.will be explained in the Figure 5.

Recycling scheduling
The scheduling feature is to schedule plastic waste recycling.This feature includes information on adding scheduling data, monitoring recycling results, and the recovery factor of the recycling process.will be explained in the Figure 6.

Purchasing
The sales feature is a feature used to make sales transactions of chopped waste to suppliers.There are several fields such as date, waste, quantity, supplier data, stock, and waste total and quantity inputted, and there are buy and print invoice buttons from sales transactions, Will be explained in the Figure 8. Figure 8 is a display of chopped waste sales transactions.Admin inputs supplier data and chopped waste that is already available immediately to see the stock and price of the selected waste.Next is to choose the type of quantity and enter the quantity amount so that automatically the total price of the chopped waste.
Figure 9 Purchase History Figure 9 Is a display of the history of sales transactions There is invoice information from each sale, the name of the collector, the total transaction, and can also print the history of each transaction.

Black Box Testing Result
Testing conducted involves logic, process flow, and program functionality.System testing evaluates the suitability of the developed system with its initial objectives and usability.A black box testing method is employed, as shown in Table 1.Fill in the purchase data of plastic waste purchased.
The system successfully adds data and displays the message data successfully added Secceed sales Fill in the sales data of plastic shredded waste sold.
The system successfully adds data and displays the message data successfully added Secceed shipping Fill in the shipment data of the shipped shredded waste.
The system will successfully add delivery data and display the delivery data message successfully added.

Manage data master
Fill in the supplier/collector/ machine/user data that was added.
The system will successfully add data and display the message data successfully added

Sorting
Filling in mixed waste sorting data.
The system will successfully add mixed waste sorting data.

Scheduling
Filling in recycling scheduling data.
The system will successfully add recycling scheduling data and display scheduling data saved successfully.

Reporting
Enter the start and end dates of the report and click export.
The system will successfully display the report data and can be exported in excel.

Secceed
Table 1 The results of black box testing indicate that the running system is by the requirements.Evident from the testing of each feature, including user login, purchase, sales, delivery, master data management, sorting, scheduling, and reporting.Therefore, the system aligns with its objectives and functions well.Expected the system contributes to the company's activities effectively.

User Acceptance Testing Calculation Results
Testing Results Data using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method were measured using Likert's Summated Rating (LSR) approach to compare the scores of each user.The following presents the LSR method's outcomes regarding the questionnaire for the Plastic Waste Recycling Information System testing.1.The total responses from the questionnaire results of testing the plastic waste recycling information system are as follows, considering the summation of the 4 aspects:   3 presents a comparison between the web-based plastic waste management information system and similar systems.The systems used for comparison are the plastic bottle recycling sales information system (PET) and the plastic waste production information system at UD. Bagas Mulya Mejobo Kudus.The plastic waste recycling information system features a more comprehensive scope in plastic waste management.The plastic waste recycling system lacks features for order management and payroll, as it is dedicated solely to managing the recycling business processes from purchasing, recycling, sales, to delivery.The plastic waste recycling information system offers an advantage over previous research in the plastic waste sorting management process.

Conclusion
In designing and building this information system, several stages are carried out, namely in-depth needs analysis, in-depth needs analysis is carried out by interviewing, discussing, and observing the company, then designing system architecture such as overview, fishbone diagram, standard operation procedure (SOP), context diagram, and Data Flow Diagram (DFD).Database design includes an entity relationship diagram (ERD), and physical data model (PDM), and the next step is to build an information system, website development, and set up related functions This implementation process involves coding, testing, and iterative adjustments that are ultimately needed to evaluate and improve the system.The implemented system is a responsive website.This system can help the activities or business processes contained in the company.The business process consists of the process of purchasing plastic waste and selling shredded waste shipments carried out by the admin on the website, as well as managing master data suppliers, collectors, and machines.From the test results using black box testing, the website-based plastic waste recycling information system that was built functions properly according to the company's needs, then the data from the test results using the UAT method is measured overall to get a very positive response and is considered successful and automated system in place, many manual tasks can be reduced or eliminated.This can enhance employee productivity and lead to higher levels of job satisfaction.Implementing the system within the company provides employees with ease in managing record-keeping activities and offers business owners the convenience of viewing reports on purchases, sales, and recycling activities.

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 3
Figure 2 General OverviewFigure2represents the general interface of the research system.There are three entities: admin, Warehouse Admin, and manager.The admin can manage features related to purchases, sales, waste collectors' data, supplier data, deliveries, and reporting.The Warehouse Admin is responsible for plastic waste and pellet inventory, waste recycling, and recycling scheduling.The manager can manage user data, view purchases reports, sales, and recycling, analyze profit and loss, and access statistics from the system dashboard3.6DataFlow Diagram Level 0 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 depicts the planned system and serves as a foundation for the further development system.DFD level 0 of the plastic waste recycling information system is in Figure3 JURNAL ILMIAH MERPATI VOL.11, NO. 2 AUGUST 2023 p-ISSN: 2252-3006 e-ISSN: 2685-2411 Design and Development of a Web-Based Plastic Waste Recycling Information System case study: Bali Pet Collection Center (I Putu Jordi Astika)

Figure 4
Figure 4 Login Page Figure 4 displays the feature interface, which consists of a form containing the input fields for the Username/Email and the registered password in the system's database.After successful login, users can access the user features according to their respective roles.

Figure 5
Figure 5 Dashboard information

Figure 5
Figure 5 shows the user dashboard, which displays various information about the stock of waste plastic and shredded waste.It also the total sales and purchases, a chart representing monthly sales.The dashboard provides information about user features and settings for configuring the sidebar

Figure 6
Figure 6 Recycling scheduling Figure 6 shows the display of the scheduling data.It provides information about the recycling of plastic waste that has been inputted into the scheduling, such as initial stock, final stock, and the recovery factor or recycling recovery result.It also includes information about the recycling status, indicating whether it is finished or still in progress.

Figure 7
Figure 7 Recycling Scheduling Results Figure 7 displays the results of recycling scheduling.It provides information about the initial weight and outcome process of recycling.The admin will input the weight of recycled waste, and the recovery factor from the recycling process automatically be calculated.The figure also presents information about the recycling schedule.

Table 1
Black Box Testing Result Design and Development of a Web-Based Plastic Waste Recycling Information System case study: Bali Pet Collection Center (I Putu Jordi Astika)