Library System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Telegram Bot API

Libraries as a service provider to the user that needs fast, easy, and efficient services. Optimization of the services performed by the application of information technology such as utilizing barcode technology for the library system. Along with the development, there were some shortcomings in the use of barcode technology. Barcode technology can be replaced by RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in order to further improve the operational and library services. RFID has some advantages over the barcode system is the possibility of data can be read automatically without regard to alignment readings, past the non conductor materials like cardboard paper with access speeds of several hundred tags per second at a distance of several meters. The advantages and capabilities of RFID can be applied in a library system in the inventory, self-service, and security so as to generate optimal library services more than manual systems or even a barcode system. Utilization of RFID technology in the library and then combined with technology Telegram Bot API as a medium to facilitate user access such as notification, accessing history, and others.


Introduction
A library is a collection agency of writing, print, and/or professional record with a standard system to fulfill education, research, conservation, information, and recreation needs of readers [1]. Libraries as service providers need to provide services that are fast, easy, and efficient.
Computer-based information systems began to be applied in the library system as a step to improve library's services. Library information system developed using barcode system as identifier or book identity. Implementation of barcode system still had some weakness in addition to the emergence of new technologies, one of which is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).
RFID systems have many differences compared to barcode systems that make RFID systems far superior in terms of capabilities it has [2].

Table 1. Comparison of RFID Systems with Barcode Systems
The ability of the RFID system can replace the barcode system that is currently widely used in library systems. I Putu Permana in research of Design of Pilkades System Using Smart Card Technology as Voter Card, using RFID-based smart card to identify the user so that it gives advantages that are security and accuracy of data of voter [3]. This system can serve as a guideline on the library system to identify library members in the process of circulation, book returns, tracking members, and library security system.
The RFID system applied to the library system is integrated with Telegram technology which is a free messaging app. Telegram provides a service called Telegram Bot API that allows other developers to create third-party applications. Telegram Bot API will be utilized in the library system as a notification media to members. In addition Telegram Bot API is used as a gateway for members to access some library related data. Ahmad Hanafi in Data Interchange Database Study by Using API Technology, applying request-response system using API on the database with an inbox-outbox concept, so the incoming data request in the inbox will be processed into response data entered in outbox table [4]. This concept can serve as a guideline for creating Telegram Gateway as another option for members to access data such as book lending history, book returns, book catalogs, and book bookings.

Research methodology
The research methodology used is the waterfall method contained in SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), so that the research flow is done more structured. Here is the research flow used.

RFID System and Telegram Notification Overview
The RFID system applied to the library system is integrated with the notification system via Telegram to library members. RFID system and Telegram notification overview are shown in Figure 1.   Figure 1 shows a general overview of RFID system implementation and Telegram notification on the library system. The application of the RFID system and Telegram notification are described as follows.

a. Door / Security
Members of libraries who already have a library member card (with RFID tags) will be detected by the RFID reader at the door after logging into the library. Detected member data will be directly inserted into the database (guestbook). There is also a security feature that is an alarm when someone carries a book out through a door without lending a book.

b. Book Loan Service
Book loan services can be done by library members at the book loan terminal. The process is done by scanning a member card then scanning the books to be borrowed.

c. Book Return Service
The book return service can be done by library members in the book return terminal. The process is done by scanning a member card then scanning the books to be returned.

d. Inventory / Tagging
The book of inventory process is done by attaching the RFID tag to the book which then the book data is entered into the system database.

e. Bookshelf Management Book
Bookshelves in the library are installed RFID, so book placement is appropriate to the category or fit on the correct shelf.

f. Member Notification
Members will get notifications of every process performed such as entry or exit of the room, borrowing, refund, due date, and booking.

Telegram Gateway Overview
Telegram Bot system is used as a gateway for members to access some information such as loan history, return history, book catalog, and book order.

Figure 2.
Telegram Gateway Overview Figure 2 shows an overview of Telegram Bot implementation on the Telegram Gateway system on the member side. Members can use this Telegram Gateway system to access data such as loan history, return history, book catalogs, and book ordering. Telegram Gateway is a shortcut if you do not want to get into the library information system. Here is an explanation of the features of Telegram Gateway.

a. Access book loan history
Members can access the loan history through Telegram Messaging by sending messages to rfid_library_bot. Member can send a message "/menu" so that will emerge menu of the button, then the member can press the loan history button to get loan history data.

b. Access book return history
Members can access the return history through Telegram Messaging by sending messages to rfid_library_bot. Member can send a message "/menu" so that will emerge menu of the button, then the member can press the return history button to get return history data.

c. Access book catalog
Members can access the book catalog through Telegram Messaging by sending messages to rfid_library_bot. Member can send a message "/menu" so that will emerge menu of the button, then the member can press the search book catalog button.

RFID Reader Design
Reader RFID dibangun dengan menggunakan microprocessor Raspberry Pi, sensor RFID MFRC522, dan active buzzer.

Physical Data Model (PDM)
Physical Data Model (PDM) or relational database design Library System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Telegram Bot API is shown in Figure 4.

Literature review
Library review became a reference in the design of Library Systems Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Telegram Bot API.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a wireless device that uses electromagnetic waves or radio waves to transfer data in order to identify and track tags on an object [5].
RFID standard has 3 main components. They are antenna or coil, transceiver or reader, and transponder or tag [6].

a. Antenna
The antenna transmits radio signals to read and write data into tags. It is the medium between tag and reader, which controls the data communication system Antenna is available in various shapes and sizes, can be installed inside the door to receive tag data from people or objects that pass through the door.

b. Transceiver or Reader
Transceiver or Reader is a device used to communicate with tags. The reader has one or more antennas, which emit radio waves and receive a reversal signal from the tag. Also called interrogators for interrogating tags.
c. Tag or transponder RFID tags are microchips containing identities and antennas that transmit information to the reader. Basically the chips in the tag contain a unique identifier serial number.
RFID tags are generally divided into two categories: active tags and passive tags based on their power source [7].

a. Active Tag
The active tag has its own resources or has a battery that keeps the active tag sending a stronger signal, and the reader can access it further. The embedded battery makes the active tag larger and more expensive, so this system usually works best on remotely traced objects.

b. Passive Tag
Passive tags do not have battery power in them that make their size small and the price is affordable. However this causes the range of tag readings not so wide.

MOM (Message Oriented Middleware)
Message Oriented Middleware or MOM is an asynchronous message exchange mechanism that is widely applied to heterogeneous distributed systems. MOM provides applications in a distributed environment to send and receive messages [8].
Message Oriented Middleware is a middleware that provides a layer between high-level applications and platforms. MOM replaces direct communication between the parts involved in the message exchange system [9].

Results and Discussion
Results and discussion of Library System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Telegram Bot API are described in the following processes.

RFID Reader Prototype
RFID reader prototype is built using Raspberry Pi, MFRC522 sensor, and active buzzer.

Security Door Process
The door is installed RFID reader so that it can read the member card to do tracking members and used as security against the books that come out of the library.  Figure 6 is a process on the door where the RFID reader will read the membership card and book. If there is a book brought out without borrowing, the alarm will sound as a sign that there is a book brought out without permission. Reading of member cards on the door is a tracking and recording of visits. Members will also receive notifications from Telegram Bot when entering or leaving the library.  Figure 7 shows that members will receive notifications via Telegram when members enter or exit the library.

Loan Process
The loan process is done by members through the provided loan terminal. Members must perform member card scans in order to continue the loan process. After that will show a brief information about the borrowing history that has been done. When a member has borrowed as much as the maximum limit or there is a loan book that passes overdue, then the member can not do the loan again. Figure 8 is the process of scanning the member card on the loan terminal and will display the information as in Figure 9.  After scanning the books to be borrowed, it will be on the borrowing terminal will look like Figure  11.

Figure 11. Scanning of Books Borrowed on Loan Terminals
Borrowing is continued by checking borrowing to display loan invoices made by members.
Checkout of borrowing is shown as in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Loan Checkout
After the lending process is complete, members will get a loan notification through Telegram Bot.

Book Shelf Management
Bookshelf management is a process undertaken by the librarian to check whether the books are in accordance with the category or in place. Officers must scan the RFID tags attached to the rack to be checked, information will appear on the books that should be on the shelf. Then the officer checks the books on the shelf. When the book is appropriate, it will appear in the column of the book by category. If there is a book that does not match then the RFID alarm reader will sound indicates there is a book that is not appropriate and will display information on the book does not fit the category.  There is information about books that have not been scanned, books that are categorized, and books that do not fit the category.

Telegram Gateway
Telegram Gateway is an option that members can use to access some data such as lending history and so on only via Telegram. Command /menu can be used to display the Telegram Gateway menu. When a member presses the Loan History menu then Telegram Gateway will send the member's loan history data.

Figure 17. Result Telegram Gateway Loan History Menu
Members can press the loan history menu button to display a history of return as well as a borrowing history. Members can also search the book catalog by pressing the Find Book Catalog menu.

Conclusion
Based on the research of the Library System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Telegram Bot API which have been tested above, it can be concluded that the identification technology in the library system which currently still using barcode can be replaced with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) which provides more benefits so that existing business processes in the library become more effective and efficient. Telegram Bot is implemented as a 51 means of notification also presents an atmosphere of closeness between the library with members so that members feel served more by the library. Telegram Bot utilized as Telegram Gateway also becomes another option for members to be able to access information quickly without going through the login to the system but only need through Telegram application.