A N A NALYSIS OF M ORAL V ALUES ON R ITA H AYWORTH AND S HAWSHANK R EDEMPTION C HAPTER IN D IFFERENT S EASONS N OVEL

This research focuses on how to analyze the moral values contained in the novel Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption with special emphasis on the main character, Andy Dufresne. The purpose of this research is to identify moral values through dialog with the main characters or conflicts faced and reveal the moral values that arise from efforts to overcome conflicts. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and uses moral value theory by Burhan Nurgiyantoro (2013) in analyzing the data obtained in the novel. The main character in this novel faces many conflicts and also interacts with other characters. The main character overcomes these problems by demonstrating the moral value of helping other humans and showing compassion. This study found six moral values of human relationships with other humans in several aspects, such as to sense humankind and to be helpful to individuals.


INTRODUCTION
Literature has significant power in communicating values, providing entertainment, and information with specific messages, commonly referred to as values commonly referred to as moral values.Moral values are a key aspect of literature that can help individuals recognize important life lessons and guide their behaviour (Pratiwi et al, 2023).According to Wibawa (2013), moral values can be used as a reference norm for a person or a group of people to determine whether the attitudes and actions are good or not.Wagner (2012) said that one of the ways to change the bad morals slowly of college students is by reading.More than just understanding characters, it takes a little of them inside the reader and changes the reader in the process.This means that reading certain books can turn readers into new people, based on the understanding they get from these books.From that, it can be concluded that if we read books with good moral values, we can at least become morally better than before.
This study aims to analyze the moral values contained in the novels Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption which emphasizes the main character named Andy Dufresne.The goal is to find moral values from the dialogue between Andy and other characters and the resolution of the conflict faced by Andy in the novel.These stories are fictional stories written by Stephen King.Fiction contains the application of morals in the attitudes and behaviours of the characters according to their view of morals.Through the story, attitudes, and behaviour of the characters, readers are expected to take lessons from the moral messages conveyed which are mandated (Nurjam'an et al, 2018).Fictional literary works always offer moral messages related to the noble qualities of humanity, fighting for human rights and dignity.The noble qualities of humanity are essentially universal (Gayatri et al, 2023).
There are a lot of moral messages obtained from this novel to be applied or studied in everyday life or applied in socializing.In this global era, every person needs to improve their moral values to avoid being influenced by bad things.So that by learning moral values we do not become immoral humans (Afandi, 2018).In the world of education, morality is something that must be taught.According to Global Indian International School (2023) Moral values help people to be less selfish and prioritize the needs of others over themselves.Summers (2019) said moral values prevent humans from acting arbitrarily towards other humans and using intelligence to do bad things that are harmful and against humanity.Moral values are the rules we use to make decisions about right and wrong, should and should not, good and bad.Moral values also tell what is more or less important, which is useful when humans have to weigh up fulfilling one value against another.Therefore, it is necessary to teach moral values, so that they can be implemented into positive life principles that will be developed (Sari, 2013).Educating people about morals will have an impact on how to be a good person and even improve the way people interact with each other.
In other words, morals are considered part of education or what is called moral education.One of these stories has a prison setting.However, there are many moral values that can be analyzed in this novel, especially in Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption chapter.For example, Andy Dufresne, the main character of the novel, was sent to prison for the murder of his wife and her lover.Andy Dufresne still does good things with the inmates and the warden and even the head of the prison.Andy helps other inmates by building a prison library, helping the warden and guards with his skills as a banker.This novel can also be used as a reference in terms of educating and instilling moral values in students.In this novel, many good exemplary values can be learned after reading this novel.Among them are teaching about honesty, discipline, patience, obedience, friendship, and others.
This novel is important to analyze because there is still little research that makes this novel a research subject.Many researchers have researched the film Shawshank Redemption but not the novel.Therefore, the analysis of this novel is desired by the researcher to contribute to the provision of other views related to this research through the novel.Even though this novel received a film adaptation, there are differences in the story in which there are differences in the depiction of characters and character roles that differ between the novel and the film.
The study of moral values has been discussed in a Journal article by Marlina, et al (2017)  There are several similarities between previous research and this study, namely using descriptive qualitative methods.In addition, there are differences between previous research and this study, the first is using different moral value theories, and previous research used the type of moral value by Anamika Banerjee while this study used the theory of moral value by Burhan Nurgiyantoro (2013).Second, the previous study examined a movie adaptation of a novel.Although this film is adapted from a novel, there are differences in the storyline both from dialog and events that appear in the novel.

II METHODS
The data was taken from a Novel, Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen King, which was published in 1982 by Viking Press and has 768 pages.The researcher focuses on one chapter "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, that has 88 pages.The novel narrates the story of Andy Dufresne who goes to jail on charges given in court of the murder of his wife and her lover, Andy faces various challenges while in prison and attempts to escape from prison to achieve his life goals.
The data were analyzed using the Moral Value theory by Burhan Nurgiyantoro (2013) Based on this theory, there are three types of moral values, such as the relationship between human and own self, the relationship between human and others, and the relationship between human and God.Data were collected through documentation techniques as used by Zhang (2022).There are five stages to collect data, namely preparing data in the form of texts from reading novels that contain moral values from three types of moral values, determining the unit of analysis from the texts that have been collected, developing categories from the data found and implementing the theory of moral values by Burhan Nurgiyantoro in the table, and providing conclusions from the data that has been categorized.

III FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the results and discussions are presented, based on the information gathered from the novels Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption.The data investigation discusses moral values based on the theory of moral values by Burhan Nurgiyantoro. Nurgiyantoro (2015) categorizes moral values into moral values related to the issue of human relationships with themselves, those related to human relationships with other humans in social life, and those related to nature and human relationships with God.Moral values related to human life and the three types of morals above are proof that humans are social creatures who cannot live alone and need to interact with other humans and cooperate with each other.
According to (Nurgiyantoro, 2013), there are three types of moral value categories and several aspects in them, which are as follows.
Relationship between human being and own-self, which are: (1) To recognize the presence, realize the purpose of living, hard work, responsibility, and tenacity; (2) To respect care for own-self, sincerity, and self-control; (3) To not exalt or overindulge, and avoid being greedy, hatred, grudges, hypocrisy, selfish, and egoistic.
Relationship between human beings and others, which are: (1) To sense humankind and to be helpful to individuals; (2) To be caring, respectful, harmony, friendship, compassionate, tolerant, and forgiving of others.
Relationship between human beings and God, which are: (1) To be obedient and repentant; (2) To have positive thoughts; (3) To be grateful.
This novel written by Stephen King depicts a story full of diverse conflicts that take place in the prison and Andy's efforts to become a freeman because he went to prison not for the deeds he did, all of which convey certain messages either directly or indirectly to the readers.These messages are essentially valuable lessons, or moral values.These moral values are found through Andy Dufresne's experiences in Shawshank Redemption prison in overcoming and dealing with various events as detailed below.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN AND OWN-SELF
From the novel, the researcher found some aspects of the relationship between human beings and their own self in "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption chapter" in Different Seasons Novel.This value in the novel was:

TO RECOGNIZE THE PRESENCE, REALIZE THE PURPOSE OF LIVING, HARD WORK, RESPONSIBILITY, AND TENACITY.
(3-1) Andy held them at bay for a while with a scoop of Hexlite, threatening to throw it in their eyes if they came any closer (p.20) From the quote above, the researcher found the relationship between man and himself in the aspect of realizing the purpose of living.This quote came from the beginning of the story.The characters involved in this quote are Andy Dufresne (Male) and the Sister Gang led by Bogs Diamond with 3 other male members.The Sister Gang is a group of antagonistic characters who have a sexual orientation that is homosexual and often looks for targets of young and weak prisoners.The Sister Gang targeted Andy Dufresne since he arrived in prison and targeted Andy because he had a small body and a handsome face.Therefore, Sister Gang targeted Andy behind the washing machines in the laundry.There was a narrow, dusty, long, low-light room filled with washing materials and bleach, and barrels of hexlite catalyst.The prison guards knew and ignored whatever was going on in the room because the guards didn't like to go into the room which had limited space, thus prompting the Sister Gang to commit the act in a room in the laundry.The mood in this quote becomes tense with the threat given by Andy when facing the Sister Gang.This event is told in the third person, with Red as the narrator. (3-2) Andy slugged it out with them.He broke the nose of a fellow named Rooster MacBride, a heavygutted farmer who was in for beating his stepdaughter to death (p.20) The researcher found the moral value of the relationship between human beings and own-self in the moral aspect of realizing the purpose of living.The plot in this quote is at the beginning of the story.This event still tells the story of the Sister Gang who targeted Andy Dufresne.Previously Andy had threatened the Sister Gang when they wanted to molest Andy.But Andy's efforts failed in the laundry room and Sister Gang molested him.After the incident, Andy decided to fight back because Andy thought the only two ways to deal with the Sister Gang were to fight back or be molested.Two weeks after the events in the laundry room, Andy fought back and hit one of the Sister Gang members, Rooster MacBride, when they tried to molest Andy again.There are three antagonistic characters in the event, Bogs Diamond, Rooster MacBride, and Ernie.Andy also fails to fight back as there are three people attacking Andy, but this does not make Andy afraid, and still threatens to bite whatever is put in his mouth.So, they did not dare to molest Andy and beat him severely.After this incident, Bogs and Ernie ended up in confinement, while Andy and Rooster had to go to the hospital.This incident is also told in the third person with Red as the narrator.In the quotation above, the researcher found the relationship between human beings and own-self in the aspect of life purpose.The characters involved in this plot are Andy Dufresne and Samuel Norton, the warden who is the antagonist.The setting of the story is in the Warden's Office in the Administration Building, and the day is rainy and windy with gray clouds drifting quickly in the wind.Behind the warden's desk is a door that leads to the assistant warden's room, and there is a trusted prisoner there, Chester.This plot is in the middle of the story and comes about as a result of Andy hearing a story from Tommy Williams in the prison library about Andy's wife's murderer.Then Andy decides to meet Norton to ask for a retrial so that Andy can be proven innocent and released from prison.However, Norton continues to deny Andy's stories that he heard from Tommy, which makes Norton feel uncomfortable.So, he commands the guards to take Andy to the isolation room.The mood in this plot is very tense as there are two intense arguments between the two characters that lead to Andy being taken to solitary confinement.The point of view in this plot is in the first person, Andy.This shows Andy's struggle to achieve his goal of freedom.
(3-4) Andy Dufresne's perseverance and hard work, yeah-I don't take any of that away from him (p.76) In the quotation above, the researcher found the moral value of relationships between human beings and own self in the aspect of hard work.This plot is at the end of the story and is told using the first-person point of view.The setting of the quote above is the prison cells on a morning in 1975.In this excerpt, Red narrates how Andy can escape from prison by digging a hole in the wall using a small rock hammer and covering the hole with a Rita Hayworth poster.Red observes that Andy started this in 1949 when Andy asked Re for the Rita Hayworth poster.

TO RESPECT AND CARE FOR OWN-SELF, SINCERITY, AND SELF-CONTROL (3-5)
Because I outsmarted myself.If I ever try to put my hands-on Peter Steven's money from inside here, I'd lose every cent of it (p.62) In the quotation above, the researcher found the moral value of the relationship between human beings and their own self in the aspect of caring for themselves.The quote above is also a continuation of the conversation in the previous quote so the setting, characters, plot, and point of view are still the same as the previous quote.Andy and Red continue their conversation about how Andy earned money to achieve his dreams.Andy explains that he has a fake identity, and his savings are invested.This is run by Andy's close friend whom he trusts to create a fake identity and run Andy's money.In addition, Andy did not use the money to hire a lawyer to hold a retrial for him so that the money would not be lost, and the money could be used to realize Andy's dream of building a hotel in Zihuatanejo, Mexico.This shows that Andy cares about himself to realize his dream after he is released from prison and is not tempted to use the money just to hire a lawyer.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS AND OTHERS
From the novel, the researcher found some aspects of the relationship between human beings and others in "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption chapter" in Different Seasons Novel.This value in the novel was:

TO SENSE HUMANKIND AND TO BE HELPFUL TO INDIVIDUALS (3-6)
Or if you were interested, I'd be glad to set it up for you nearly free of charge (p.32) In the quotation above, the researcher found the moral value in the aspect of helping other humans.The plot is found at the beginning of the story.The characters involved in this plot are the two protagonists, namely Andy and Red who are working on the roof.As well as two antagonist characters namely Byron Hadley and Mert Entwhisle as prison guards.The story is set in May 1950 on the roof of a license plate factory.There were nine to ten inmates working on resurfacing the roof using tarmac and there were six guard guards.The point of view of this story is the third person point of view, and Red is the narrator who sees all of these events.This plot tells of Byron Hadley who gets the inheritance money and is annoyed that he doesn't get it in full, Andy who hears about this doesn't hesitate to approach Hadley to offer help.Hadley, as a cruel antagonist, threatens Andy to throw him off the roof.However, Andy remained calm and even offered help without paying a penny like the bankers out there.The writer wants to convey that as human beings, if we have the ability, we must help one another and not look at the background of the person being helped and help sincerely. (3-7) And if you couldn't find it, chances were good that Andy could get it for you (p.37) The quotation above is a moral value in the aspect of helping.This plot is at the beginning of the story about Andy's success in building the prison library.It is set in the prison library and has a third-person point of view.Red says that Andy is willing to help the prisoners to get and find the books they want.Andy managed to create a sizable library in the prison and secured considerable funding as a result of his request for funding.Andy cares deeply about the literacy of the prisoners and strives to impart knowledge to the prisoners so that they are prepared to face the outside world.The atmosphere in this plot is happy and cozy.

TO BE CARING, RESPECTFUL, HARMONY, FRIENDSHIP, COMPASSIONATE, TOLERANT, AND FORGIVING OF OTHERS
(3-8) A sense of awe for the man's brute persistence (p.26) The researcher found the moral value in the quotation above concerning the moral value of the relationship between human beings and others in the aspect of harmony.This quote is found at the beginning of the story.The setting for this quote is in Jail Red's cell.This plot emerges from Red who is a helpful protagonist who can get anything for you.Andy asks Red to find him a small rock hammer, a Rita Hayworth poster, and a rock blanket to sharpen the stone.Red is then able to get the item Andy asked for.Andy then gave a gift in the form of a stonework that Andy made into a cigarette pack given by Ernie to be sent to Red's cell.At that time all the misses were in their respective cells and there was only Ernie who was outside the cell working on sweeping the floor.Red also accepts the prize and is amazed by Andy's beauty and dedication to making small stonework.This story has a first-person point of view, namely Red.So, the story that is conveyed aims to show harmony in human relations if they help each other and express sincere gratitude to each other. (3-9) The price would be three beers apiece for my co-workers (p.32) The quotation above is about the moral value of relationships between human beings and others in the aspect of friendship.The plot, characters, setting, and point of view in this quote are still the same as in the previous quote.Andy didn't charge himself anything but asked for three beers for his friends who were working on the roofing.Andy is selfless and cares about his friends who are hot while painting the roof.Even though Andy experienced the same thing because he had the same job, Andy was not selfish.Hadley then agreed, even giving two beers to each worker.The author wants to say that if you sincerely help without charge, kindness will be rewarded more.
(3-10) The important thing was that he came to like Andy Dufresne very much, as most people did after a while (p.45) The quote above is about the moral value of the relationship between humans and others in the aspect of friendship and helping fellow humans.This plot is found halfway through the story.The narrative is set in Shawshank prison and the prison library where Andy helps Tommy get a high school diploma.Tommy needs the diploma to get a better life and also advice from his wife, so he is serious about studying.Tommy then regularly came to study at the prison library.Andy is happy to help Tommy get a diploma.This shows mutual respect and helping fellow human beings.
(3-11) All I can say is that he must have been one of the coolest men who ever lived (p.81) The quotation above is a moral value of the relationship between human beings and others in the aspect of respect.This plot is at the end of the story.The point of view of this plot is third person and Red is the narrator.The plot setting is in Red's prison cell who is still thinking about Andy's escape from prison.Red greatly respects Andy for his perseverance, intelligence, kindness, and hard work.Red says that he would be devastated if he was in Andy's position, but Andy still goes through the challenge.The message conveyed in this quote is that no matter how hard the challenge is, we must be prepared to face it with hard work and perseverance.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS AND GOD
From the novel, the researcher found some aspects of the Relationship between human beings and God in "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption chapter" in Different Seasons Novel.This value in the novel was:

TO OBEDIENT AND REPENTANCE
(3-12) We felt that the judgement had already occurred, and we would be willing to testify with the best of them that the rock would not hide us nor the dead give us shelter (p.42) The quotation above is the moral value of the relationship between humans and God in the aspect of obedience.This plot is at the beginning of the story.This quote also uses the first-person point of view, namely Red.This plot emerges when Red tells of Samuel Norton who becomes warden at Shawshank.The setting for this plot is Samuel Norton's office in the Administration Building.Samuel Norton is portrayed as a devout man by giving New Testament bibles to all inmates, Baptist Advent Church badges, and there are placards and wall embroidery relating to religion.One of them is an embroidery regarding the imminent judgment.Red explains that everyone who is in prison has experienced judgment.The message to be conveyed is that people who are in prison are a judgment that is taking place and convicts do not hesitate to give their testimony like other inmates without hiding anything because there is no shelter anymore.
(3-13) Well, why don't you just begin at the beginning?' the warden said, probably in his sweetest let's all turn to the 23rd psalm and read in unison voice.'That usually works the best (p.50) The quotation above is a moral value in the aspect of obedience.This plot is at the centre of the story where the conflict between Andy and Samuel Norton begins.The characters involved are Andy and Samuel Norton who are the head of the Shawshank prison.The plot is in first person where Andy wants to talk to Norton but doesn't know where to start.The plot is set in the Norton Offices of the Shawshank Prison Administration Building.Norton suggested reading Psalm 23 together, and Andy read it with Norton.Then Andy started talking about the story he got from Tommy Williams about the killer of Andy's wife.The atmosphere in this plot is tense because Andy previously learned of new testimonies about his case.In this quotation, the writer finds the moral value of relationships between human beings and God in the aspect of having positive thoughts.This quote is found in the plot in the middle of the story.The characters involved are Andy and Red (Protagonist) who are in a conversation.The setting of this plot takes place at the end of October 1967 during the fall season located on the edge of a sports field filled with people exercising and talking with other inmates.The people who filled the field because they hadn't been to the field the previous week were gathered to listen to the World Series baseball game on the radio and heard that the team, they were supporting lost the game.Then Andy invites Red to chat and talk about what Red or Andy will do when he gets out of prison.Andy also talks about his dreams after getting out of prison and Red listens to Andy carefully.Red then reacts that Andy's dream requires a lot of money to achieve it.However, Andy remains optimistic to achieve his dream and is ready to face the worst to get the best.The story is seen from the first-person point of view of Red who sees that Andy is not depressed after spending time in solitary confinement and remains optimistic in realizing his life goals.

IV CONCLUSION
Based on the research conducted, this study concludes that there are moral values contained in the Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption chapter in Different Seasons Novel.The type of moral value relationship between humans and other humans is the dominant type of moral value from others because there are six values with categories (a) To sense humankind and to be helpful to individuals, there are two values and, in the categories, (b) To be caring, respectful, harmony, friendship, compassionate, tolerant, and forgiving of others, there are four values.This type of moral teaches many things such as helping others, teaching what is not known, and working together to get things done.
Reading novels is an interesting activity and tends to be favoured by some people because it can fill spare time and reading novels can also help us increase knowledge about many things.Every novel always provides positive messages that need to be emulated by its readers in everyday life.By learning and having knowledge about moral values, readers will behave properly.
(3-3) It's my life!It's my life, don't you understand it's my life?(p.51) (3-14) Yes.I prepared for the hurricane.I knew how bad it looked.I didn't have much time, but in the time I had, I operated.I had a friend-just about the only person who stood by me-who worked for an investment company in Portland.He died about six years ago.(p.60) with the title "Study of Moral Values Represented in the Shawshank Redemption Movie".This study discusses the moral values contained in the movie Shawshank Redemption which is adapted from the novel Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption.The results concluded that there are five moral values contained in the movie Shawshank Redemption.These moral values include honesty, compassion, cooperation, hard work, and unconditional love & kindness.Hard work is the dominant moral value and often appears in the movie Shawshank Redemption.