PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN KREDITOR KONKUREN DALAM LIKUIDASI PERSEROAN TERBATAS MELALUI KEPAILITAN

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme pelunasan utang kepada kreditor konkuren dalam proses likuidasi Perseroan Terbatas melalui mekanisme kepailitan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada kreditor konkuren dalam proses tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, guna mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis norma-norma hukum yang mengatur tata cara pelunasan utang dan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor konkuren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses likuidasi Perseroan Terbatas melalui kepailitan, kreditor konkuren memiliki posisi yang lemah dibandingkan kreditor separatis dan preferen, karena pelunasan utang kepada mereka dilakukan setelah seluruh kewajiban kepada kreditor separatis dan preferen diselesaikan. Perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor konkuren diatur dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan, namun pada praktiknya perlindungan tersebut masih belum optimal akibat keterbatasan aset debitur dan adanya prioritas pelunasan. Meskipun demikian, keberadaan mekanisme verifikasi piutang dan rapat kreditor memberikan ruang bagi kreditor konkuren untuk mengajukan keberatan dan memastikan hak-haknya tetap diperhatikan selama proses likuidasi. Studi ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan regulasi dan pengawasan dalam pelaksanaan likuidasi agar perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor konkuren dapat lebih terjamin dan prinsip keadilan dalam kepailitan dapat terwujud secara optimal.

This study aims to analyze the debt repayment mechanism to concurrent creditors in the process of liquidation of Limited Liability Companies through the bankruptcy mechanism based on the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations Law, and to examine the form of legal protection provided to concurrent creditors in the process. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach, in order to identify and analyze legal norms that regulate the procedures for debt repayment and legal protection for concurrent creditors. The results of the study indicate that in the process of liquidation of Limited Liability Companies through bankruptcy, concurrent creditors have a weak position compared to separatist and preferred creditors, because debt repayment to them is carried out after all obligations to separatist and preferred creditors have been completed. Legal protection for concurrent creditors is regulated in the Bankruptcy Law, but in practice this protection is still not optimal due to the limited assets of the debtor and the priority of repayment. Nevertheless, the existence of receivables verification mechanisms and creditor meetings provide space for concurrent creditors to file objections and ensure that their rights are still considered during the liquidation process. This study recommends the need to strengthen regulations and supervision in the implementation of liquidation so that legal protection for concurrent creditors can be more guaranteed and the principle of justice in bankruptcy can be realized optimally.