Political Rights of Ex-Corruptors vis a vis Electoral Integrity in Indonesia
Abstract
This study investigates the normative inconsistency vis a vis the political rights of ex-corruption convicts and the principle of electoral integrity within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 16, in Indonesia. The problem addressed centers on whether allowing individuals convicted of corruption to participate as election candidates aligns with democratic values and sustainable governance. While inclusivity is a key component of both democracy and SDG 16, this research critically examines the extent to which such inclusivity may conflict with the imperative of maintaining public trust and ethical standards in political leadership. Employing a normative legal research method supported by a statutory approach, the study analyzes Indonesian legal instruments. The research identifies a significant legal paradox: integrity is mandated for election officials but not for legislative or presidential candidates. This discrepancy raises critical questions regarding the consistency and credibility of Indonesia’s democratic processes. Findings indicate that allowing ex-corruption convicts to run for office undermines public confidence, hampers political regeneration, and dilutes the ethical foundation of electoral integrity. The analysis also reveals that an uncritical application of SDG 16 as a justification for political inclusivity may inadvertently legitimize impunity and erode democratic accountability. The study calls for urgent legal reforms to align candidacy requirements with broader democratic and developmental objectives. By reinforcing integrity as a universal qualification for public office, Indonesia can uphold the principles of justice, restore electoral legitimacy, and promote sustainable political development.
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References
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Azwar, and Achmat Subekan. “Does Democracy Reduce Corruption in Indonesia?” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 25, no. 3 (2022): 195–208. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.56886.
Bexell, Magdalena, and Kristina Jönsson. The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals: Legitimacy, Responsibility, and Accountability. 1st ed. Oxon: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043614.
Binningsbø, Helga Malmin. “Power Sharing, Peace and Democracy: Any Obvious Relationships?” International Area Studies Review, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865912473847.
Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Lenses of Legal Research: A Descriptive Essay on Legal Research Methodologies.” Journal of Judicial Review 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i2.7280.
Durant, Robert F. “Whither Power in Public Administration? Attainment, Dissipation, and Loss.” Public Administration Review 75, no. 2 (2015): 206–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12332.
Egorov, Georgy, and Konstantin Sonin. “Elections in Non-Democracies.” Economic Journal 131, no. 636 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa123.
Elder, Mark, and Simon Høiberg Olsen. “The Design of Environmental Priorities in the SDGs.” Global Policy 10 (2019): 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12596.
Friedman, Lawrence M. “The legal system: A social science perspective”. Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
Flores, Jorge Alberto Alatorre. “It Takes More than Transparency: An Assessment of Selected Variables That Ought to Make a Dent on Corruption. A Review on the Cases of Mexico and the United States.” Purdue University, 2022.
Gellers, Joshua C. “Crowdsourcing Global Governance: Sustainable Development Goals, Civil Society, and the Pursuit of Democratic Legitimacy.” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 16, no. 3 (2016): 415–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9322-0.
Gitiyarko, Vincentius. “Former Corruption Convict Still Supported by Political Party.” Kompas, November 2023.
Goldman, Alvin I. “What Is Democracy (and What Is Its Raison D’Etre)?” Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1, no. 2 (2015): 233–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.30.
Guha, Joydeep, and Bhaskar Chakrabarti. “Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Decentralisation and the Role of Local Governments: A Systematic Review.” Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, no. 22 (2019): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i22.6855.
Ham, Carolien van. “Getting Elections Right? Measuring Electoral Integrity.” Democratization 22, no. 4 (2015): 714–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.877447.
Handayani, Febri. “The Pernicious Consequences Of Political Corruption In Indonesia.” Prophetic Law Review 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol1.iss1.art1.
Haque, A. K.M.Mahmudul, Md Asfaq Salehin, Jannatul Ferdous, Md Masum Billah, and Syed Mohammad Aminur Rahman. “Standing Committees’ Responses in Promoting Peace, Justice and Strong Institution (SDG 16) at Local Level in Bangladesh.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 5 (2021): 811–17. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160502.
Holzhacker, Ronald L, Rafael Wittek, and Johan Woltjer. “Decentralization and Governance for Sustainable Society in Indonesia.” In Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia, edited by Ronald L Holzhacker, Rafael Wittek, and Johan Woltjer, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_1.
Hosnah, Asmak Ul, Dwi Seno Wijarnako, and Hotma P. Sibuea. Karakteristik Ilmu Hukum Dan Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif. 1st ed. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2021.
Jahanger, Atif, Muhammad Usman, and Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. “Autocracy, Democracy, Globalization, and Environmental Pollution in Developing World: Fresh Evidence from STIRPAT Model.” Journal of Public Affairs 22, no. 4 (2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2753.
Ju, Ade Borami, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. “Effectiveness of Culinary Industry MSME Brand Protection in Batam City.” Amnesti Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 15–32. https://doi.org/10.37729/amnesti.v5i1.2700.
Kolstad, Ivar, and Arne Wiig. “Does Democracy Reduce Corruption?” Democratization 23, no. 7 (2016): 1198–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1071797.
Leininger, Julia, Anna Lührmann, and Rachel Sigman. “The Relevance of Social Policies for Democracy: Preventing Autocratisation through Synergies between SDG 10 and SDG 16.” Bonn, 2019. https://doi.org/10.23661/dp7.2019.
Liu, Qiyang, Karen Lucas, Greg Marsden, and Yang Liu. “Egalitarianism and Public Perception of Social Inequities: A Case Study of Beijing Congestion Charge.” Transport Policy 74 (2019): 47–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.11.012.
Liu, Xizi. “A Literature Review on the Definition of Corruption and Factors Affecting the Risk of Corruption.” Open Journal of Social Sciences 04, no. 06 (2016): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.46019.
Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. 1st ed. Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020.
Näsström, Sofia. The Spirit of Democracy: Corruption, Disintegration, Renewal. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898869.001.0001.
Nawawi, Jumriani, Irfan Amir, and Muljan Muljan. “Problematika Gagasan Larangan Mantan Napi Korupsi Menjadi Calon Anggota Legislatif.” Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam 3, no. 2 (2019): 141–55. https://doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v3i2.196.
Nelson, Paul. Global Development and Human Rights: The Sustainable Development Goals and Beyond. 1st ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021.
Neyroud, Peter. “Policing ‘Landscapes’ for the Rule of Law and Public Protection: The State of Evidence on Organisational Policies, Structures, and Human Resources.” Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 6, no. 3 (2022): 140–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-022-00081-y.
Norris, Pippa, and Alessandro Nai. Election Watchdogs: Transparency, Accountability and Integrity. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190677800.001.0001.
Pakina, Ridho. “Recruitment and Regeneration Political Party: The Influence on Election of Regional Heads.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020), 544–50. Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.105.
Pardo, Italo. “Corrupt, Abusive, and Legal: Italian Breaches of the Democratic Contract.” Current Anthropology 59, no. S18 (2018): S60–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/695804.
Rahadian, A. H., Resista Vikaliana, and Munir Saputra. “Substansi Perubahan Sistem Pemilu Dan Implikasinya Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Serta RKPD Tahun 2018 Sesuai Permendagri Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 (Pendampingan Bimbingan Teknis Nasional Anggota DPRD Kota Sungai Penuh).” Jurnal Komunitas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2019): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.31334/jks.v2i1.290.
Roberts, Benjamin J., Jarè Struwig, Steven L. Gordon, and Yul Derek Davids. “The Unconvinced Vote: The Nature and Determinants of Voting Intentions and the Changing Character of South African Electoral Politics.” Politikon 46, no. 4 (2019): 481–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2019.1687120.
Rose, Jonathan, and Paul M. Heywood. “Political Science Approaches to Integrity and Corruption.” Human Affairs 23, no. 2 (2013): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-013-0116-6.
Salvia, Amanda Lange, Walter Leal Filho, Luciana Londero Brandli, and Juliane Sapper Griebeler. “Assessing Research Trends Related to Sustainable Development Goals: Local and Global Issues.” Journal of Cleaner Production 208 (2019): 841–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.242.
Shivakoti, Binaya Raj. “Using the Sustainable Development Goals to Address Unsustainable Land Transformations in the Asia-Pacific Region.” In Asia-Pacific Landscape Transformations − Solutions for Sustainability, 205–22. IGES: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2019.
Sihombing, Sabrina O. “Youth Perceptions toward Corruption and Integrity: Indonesian Context.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 39, no. 2 (2018): 299–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.03.004.
Soeiro, Diana. “Transparent Governments, Social Innovation, and Their Role in Achieving the SDGs.” In Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, edited by Walter Leal Filho, Anabela Marisa Azul, Luciana Brandli, Amanda Lange Salvia, Pinar Gökcin Özuyar, and Tony Wall, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_100-1.
Tan, Winsherly. “Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Dan Tantangan Dalam Mencapai Sustainable Development Goals.” JUSTISI 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 76–88. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v7i2.1342.
Teubner, Gunther. “Law as an autopoietic system”. Oxford/Cambridge, Blackwell Publishers, 1993.
Tusalem, Rollin F. “Democracies, Autocracies, and Political Stability.” International Social Science Review 90, no. 1 (2015): 1–40.
Usfunan, Maria Virginia. “Restrictions on the Voting Rights of Former Corruptor Constitutions.” Khairun Law Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 50–65.
Vikaliana, Resista, and I Nyoman Purnaya. “Optimalisasi Distribusi Surat Suara Pemilu Pada Pemilihan Umum Serentak 2019.” Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi 2, no. 2 (2019): 140–43. https://doi.org/10.31334/transparansi.v2i2.554.
Westheimer, Joel. “Civic Education and the Rise of Populist Nationalism.” Peabody Journal of Education 94, no. 1 (2019): 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2019.1553581.
Westlake, Martin. “Chronicle of an Election Foretold: The Longer-Term Trends Leading to the Spitzenkandidatenn Procedure and the Election of Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission President.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016, 1–57. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2710554.
Widiastuti, Anita Indah. “Multi-Party in Presidential System in Indonesia: What Does Democracy Mean?” The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, no. 4 (2020): 517–26.
Wurster, Stefan. “Comparing Ecological Sustainability in Autocracies and Democracies.” Contemporary Politics 19, no. 1 (2016): 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2013.773204.
You, Jong-sung. Democracy, Inequality and Corruption: Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines Compared. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Yuliana, Yuliana, and Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo. “Criminal Accountability Of State Officials Committing Political Corruption In Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 15, no. 1 (April 2022): 160–75. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01501.8.
Zainawa, Abdullahi Yahuza. “Political Parties, Electoral Process, and Democracy in Nigeria.” Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–10.
Laws and Regulations
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum (Law No. 7 of 2017 on Election)
Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Pencalonan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota (General Election Commission Regulation Number 20 of 2018 concerning Nomination of Members of the People's Representative Council, Provincial Regional People's Representative Council, and Regency/City Regional People's Representative Council)
Aghoffar, Aghoffar, Novita Sari, and Effendi Hasan. “Integritas Partai Politik Dalam Pencalonan Mantan Narapidana Korupsi Pada Pemilu Tahun 2019 Di Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu … 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–19.
Allahi, Hadityo Anugrah, and Fathur Rahman. “Kandidasi Calon Anggota Legislatif Koruptor: Refleksi Atas Pemilu 2019 Di Malang.” JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan 5, no. 1 (2020): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v5i1.7085.
Andersson, Staffan, and Frank Anechiarico. Corruption and Corruption Control: Democracy in the Balance. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351206990.
Azwar, and Achmat Subekan. “Does Democracy Reduce Corruption in Indonesia?” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 25, no. 3 (2022): 195–208. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.56886.
Bexell, Magdalena, and Kristina Jönsson. The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals: Legitimacy, Responsibility, and Accountability. 1st ed. Oxon: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043614.
Binningsbø, Helga Malmin. “Power Sharing, Peace and Democracy: Any Obvious Relationships?” International Area Studies Review, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865912473847.
Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Lenses of Legal Research: A Descriptive Essay on Legal Research Methodologies.” Journal of Judicial Review 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i2.7280.
Durant, Robert F. “Whither Power in Public Administration? Attainment, Dissipation, and Loss.” Public Administration Review 75, no. 2 (2015): 206–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12332.
Egorov, Georgy, and Konstantin Sonin. “Elections in Non-Democracies.” Economic Journal 131, no. 636 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa123.
Elder, Mark, and Simon Høiberg Olsen. “The Design of Environmental Priorities in the SDGs.” Global Policy 10 (2019): 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12596.
Friedman, Lawrence M. “The legal system: A social science perspective”. Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
Flores, Jorge Alberto Alatorre. “It Takes More than Transparency: An Assessment of Selected Variables That Ought to Make a Dent on Corruption. A Review on the Cases of Mexico and the United States.” Purdue University, 2022.
Gellers, Joshua C. “Crowdsourcing Global Governance: Sustainable Development Goals, Civil Society, and the Pursuit of Democratic Legitimacy.” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 16, no. 3 (2016): 415–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9322-0.
Gitiyarko, Vincentius. “Former Corruption Convict Still Supported by Political Party.” Kompas, November 2023.
Goldman, Alvin I. “What Is Democracy (and What Is Its Raison D’Etre)?” Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1, no. 2 (2015): 233–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.30.
Guha, Joydeep, and Bhaskar Chakrabarti. “Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Decentralisation and the Role of Local Governments: A Systematic Review.” Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, no. 22 (2019): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i22.6855.
Ham, Carolien van. “Getting Elections Right? Measuring Electoral Integrity.” Democratization 22, no. 4 (2015): 714–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.877447.
Handayani, Febri. “The Pernicious Consequences Of Political Corruption In Indonesia.” Prophetic Law Review 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol1.iss1.art1.
Haque, A. K.M.Mahmudul, Md Asfaq Salehin, Jannatul Ferdous, Md Masum Billah, and Syed Mohammad Aminur Rahman. “Standing Committees’ Responses in Promoting Peace, Justice and Strong Institution (SDG 16) at Local Level in Bangladesh.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 5 (2021): 811–17. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160502.
Holzhacker, Ronald L, Rafael Wittek, and Johan Woltjer. “Decentralization and Governance for Sustainable Society in Indonesia.” In Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia, edited by Ronald L Holzhacker, Rafael Wittek, and Johan Woltjer, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_1.
Hosnah, Asmak Ul, Dwi Seno Wijarnako, and Hotma P. Sibuea. Karakteristik Ilmu Hukum Dan Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif. 1st ed. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2021.
Jahanger, Atif, Muhammad Usman, and Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. “Autocracy, Democracy, Globalization, and Environmental Pollution in Developing World: Fresh Evidence from STIRPAT Model.” Journal of Public Affairs 22, no. 4 (2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2753.
Ju, Ade Borami, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. “Effectiveness of Culinary Industry MSME Brand Protection in Batam City.” Amnesti Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 15–32. https://doi.org/10.37729/amnesti.v5i1.2700.
Kolstad, Ivar, and Arne Wiig. “Does Democracy Reduce Corruption?” Democratization 23, no. 7 (2016): 1198–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1071797.
Leininger, Julia, Anna Lührmann, and Rachel Sigman. “The Relevance of Social Policies for Democracy: Preventing Autocratisation through Synergies between SDG 10 and SDG 16.” Bonn, 2019. https://doi.org/10.23661/dp7.2019.
Liu, Qiyang, Karen Lucas, Greg Marsden, and Yang Liu. “Egalitarianism and Public Perception of Social Inequities: A Case Study of Beijing Congestion Charge.” Transport Policy 74 (2019): 47–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.11.012.
Liu, Xizi. “A Literature Review on the Definition of Corruption and Factors Affecting the Risk of Corruption.” Open Journal of Social Sciences 04, no. 06 (2016): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.46019.
Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. 1st ed. Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020.
Näsström, Sofia. The Spirit of Democracy: Corruption, Disintegration, Renewal. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898869.001.0001.
Nawawi, Jumriani, Irfan Amir, and Muljan Muljan. “Problematika Gagasan Larangan Mantan Napi Korupsi Menjadi Calon Anggota Legislatif.” Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam 3, no. 2 (2019): 141–55. https://doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v3i2.196.
Nelson, Paul. Global Development and Human Rights: The Sustainable Development Goals and Beyond. 1st ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021.
Neyroud, Peter. “Policing ‘Landscapes’ for the Rule of Law and Public Protection: The State of Evidence on Organisational Policies, Structures, and Human Resources.” Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 6, no. 3 (2022): 140–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-022-00081-y.
Norris, Pippa, and Alessandro Nai. Election Watchdogs: Transparency, Accountability and Integrity. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190677800.001.0001.
Pakina, Ridho. “Recruitment and Regeneration Political Party: The Influence on Election of Regional Heads.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020), 544–50. Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.105.
Pardo, Italo. “Corrupt, Abusive, and Legal: Italian Breaches of the Democratic Contract.” Current Anthropology 59, no. S18 (2018): S60–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/695804.
Rahadian, A. H., Resista Vikaliana, and Munir Saputra. “Substansi Perubahan Sistem Pemilu Dan Implikasinya Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Serta RKPD Tahun 2018 Sesuai Permendagri Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 (Pendampingan Bimbingan Teknis Nasional Anggota DPRD Kota Sungai Penuh).” Jurnal Komunitas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2019): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.31334/jks.v2i1.290.
Roberts, Benjamin J., Jarè Struwig, Steven L. Gordon, and Yul Derek Davids. “The Unconvinced Vote: The Nature and Determinants of Voting Intentions and the Changing Character of South African Electoral Politics.” Politikon 46, no. 4 (2019): 481–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2019.1687120.
Rose, Jonathan, and Paul M. Heywood. “Political Science Approaches to Integrity and Corruption.” Human Affairs 23, no. 2 (2013): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-013-0116-6.
Salvia, Amanda Lange, Walter Leal Filho, Luciana Londero Brandli, and Juliane Sapper Griebeler. “Assessing Research Trends Related to Sustainable Development Goals: Local and Global Issues.” Journal of Cleaner Production 208 (2019): 841–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.242.
Shivakoti, Binaya Raj. “Using the Sustainable Development Goals to Address Unsustainable Land Transformations in the Asia-Pacific Region.” In Asia-Pacific Landscape Transformations − Solutions for Sustainability, 205–22. IGES: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2019.
Sihombing, Sabrina O. “Youth Perceptions toward Corruption and Integrity: Indonesian Context.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 39, no. 2 (2018): 299–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.03.004.
Soeiro, Diana. “Transparent Governments, Social Innovation, and Their Role in Achieving the SDGs.” In Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, edited by Walter Leal Filho, Anabela Marisa Azul, Luciana Brandli, Amanda Lange Salvia, Pinar Gökcin Özuyar, and Tony Wall, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_100-1.
Tan, Winsherly. “Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Dan Tantangan Dalam Mencapai Sustainable Development Goals.” JUSTISI 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 76–88. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v7i2.1342.
Teubner, Gunther. “Law as an autopoietic system”. Oxford/Cambridge, Blackwell Publishers, 1993.
Tusalem, Rollin F. “Democracies, Autocracies, and Political Stability.” International Social Science Review 90, no. 1 (2015): 1–40.
Usfunan, Maria Virginia. “Restrictions on the Voting Rights of Former Corruptor Constitutions.” Khairun Law Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 50–65.
Vikaliana, Resista, and I Nyoman Purnaya. “Optimalisasi Distribusi Surat Suara Pemilu Pada Pemilihan Umum Serentak 2019.” Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi 2, no. 2 (2019): 140–43. https://doi.org/10.31334/transparansi.v2i2.554.
Westheimer, Joel. “Civic Education and the Rise of Populist Nationalism.” Peabody Journal of Education 94, no. 1 (2019): 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2019.1553581.
Westlake, Martin. “Chronicle of an Election Foretold: The Longer-Term Trends Leading to the Spitzenkandidatenn Procedure and the Election of Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission President.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016, 1–57. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2710554.
Widiastuti, Anita Indah. “Multi-Party in Presidential System in Indonesia: What Does Democracy Mean?” The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, no. 4 (2020): 517–26.
Wurster, Stefan. “Comparing Ecological Sustainability in Autocracies and Democracies.” Contemporary Politics 19, no. 1 (2016): 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2013.773204.
You, Jong-sung. Democracy, Inequality and Corruption: Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines Compared. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Yuliana, Yuliana, and Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo. “Criminal Accountability Of State Officials Committing Political Corruption In Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 15, no. 1 (April 2022): 160–75. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01501.8.
Zainawa, Abdullahi Yahuza. “Political Parties, Electoral Process, and Democracy in Nigeria.” Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–10.
Laws and Regulations
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum (Law No. 7 of 2017 on Election)
Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Pencalonan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota (General Election Commission Regulation Number 20 of 2018 concerning Nomination of Members of the People's Representative Council, Provincial Regional People's Representative Council, and Regency/City Regional People's Representative Council)
Published
2025-04-25
How to Cite
RUSDIANA, Shelvi et al.
Political Rights of Ex-Corruptors vis a vis Electoral Integrity in Indonesia.
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 234-253, apr. 2025.
ISSN 2502-3101.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jmhu/article/view/116657>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2025.v14.i01.p13.
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Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law of Journal) by Faculty of Law Udayana University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
