MORPHOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF GENJAH SUGAR PALM IN KUTAI NATIONAL PARK, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Kutai National Park is the conservation forest in East Kalimantan, which can be used for community welfare through non-timber forest products utilization. One of the superior commoditty of non-timber forest products in Kandolo Village under the guidance of Kutai National Park is Genjah Sugar Palm (Arenga pinata Merr). This research objective was to determine the morphology, productivity and quality of the east kutai native genjah sugar palm. The materials used are fresh sap, the method of making palm sugar was by heating for 3 hours to evaporate the water. The heating is ended after it becomes thickened. After thickening, the stew is immediately removed from the heat. Before printing the thick sap is stirred so the heat is more evenly distributed. The result of research shows that the morphology of genjah sugar palm is very unique, because it has a short tree shape and a production age of 5-6 years. The productivity was quite high, the yield of sap is more than 12 liters day-1 , the duration of tapping is > 3 months tree1 . The chemical compound quality of genjah palm sugar had water content, ash, sacrose, reducing sugar, copper and mercury content of 2.24%, 1.76%, 95.48%, 1.02%, 1.62 ppm and 0.01 ppm


INTRODUCTION
Kutai National Park is a government institution that manages the National Parkin East Kalimantan. The management of the National Park area as a conservation forest can be used for community welfare, including the use of non-timber forest products. One of the non timber forest products that has become a leading commodity in the Kutai National Park and East Kutai Regency is the Arenga pinata (Tamsir, 2020). Furthermore, trying to find out where the origin and structure of the body formed. In addition to the morphology, productivity of genjah palm sugar needs to be investigated.
From this productivity, the results of palm sugar can be tested and confirmed to produce quality of genjah palm sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and productivity of East Kutai native genjah sugar palm as a producer of quality sap and palm sugar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted in  The ingredients used are fresh sap cooked to evaporate the water. The method of making palm sugar was by heating the sap for 3 hours.
The heating is ended after it becomes thickened, with volume 8% from the initial volume. After thickening, the stew is immediately removed from the heat. Before printing the thick sap is stirred in order to distribute the heat. Aren sucrose research was carried out in several steps, namely hydolysis conditions of sucrose determination, the analysis of reducing sugar samples using the Lane-Eynon method and the sucrose determination using HCl hydroluisa.      (2018  of the leaflets, the sap produced in the same plant did not vary . While Tenda and Maskmoro (2012) (Table 3).

Results
An old genjah sugar palm fruit which generally have greenish yellow to yellow and the shape of the fruit is slightly rounded. The results of the genjah sugar palm fruit component analysis showed that all the characters observed had low variousity, except for seed weight (Tenda and Maskmoro 2012).

Palm fruit components are very different from
Genjah sugar palm, especially in the character of fruit weight and seed weight. An old genjah sugar palm seed are generally slightly round in shape, brownish black, shiny, smooth and triangular in shape. Genjah sugar palm has has six female branches and each inflorence has 840 seeds, each of which consists of 280 fruits, each consisting of three seeds and 80% of the potential to become seeds. Meanwhile, according to Maliangkay (2007), one productive palm tree produces 90,000 seeds consisting of 5000 fruits per inflorence and 3 seeds per ftuits, on one tree there are 4-7 female inflorence (on average 6 female inflorence).

East Kutai Genjah Sugar Palm Production
The East Kutai genjah palm sugar commodity has long been cultivated and processed by the Nyiur Melambai Group that processing palm sugar in Kandolo Village.

The Palm Sugar Farmer Group of Nyiur
Melambai is group that has been fostered by If the sap that is heated feels heavy when stirred and became thickens, it is best to use silk to prevent too much sugar from drying on the edges of the container. After it really thickens, then the stew is immediately removed from the heat (The process of making palm sugar can be seen in Figure 3). Then the sap stew is given candlenut (Figure 4). Before printing, stir the thick sap to heat it evenly.
Stirring should not be too long to prevent the formation of sugar crystals that make printing process difficult.
The failure of making genjah palm sugar is caused by two things, they are temperature and raw materials. Very high temperatures exceed 120ºC which causes the sugar to burn or burn until it turns dark to black with an abnormal odor (caramelflavored smell). In addition, it can also be caused by the high reducing content in sugar which will cause the sugar to be more hygroscopic and quickly burn (caramelize).
Another failure is because the raw material (sap) is already acidic so that the sugar formed does not become solid when heated (Baharudin and Taskirawati, 2009). Palm sugar production has two forms, namely printed sugar and palm sugar. The production of palm sugar, the thick sap is continuously cooked, stirred until dry, into separate grains ( Figure 5). If the water content is still high, the dried sap is put in the oven (Figure 6).

Quality of East Kutai Genjah Palm Sugar
The results of the 2020 interview found that every genjah palm sugar farmer processes 50 liters of sap per day in average and can produce about 6 kg of palm sugar or 12 pieces of printed sugar. The size of sugar weighs 0.5 kg per grain with a printed sugar price of Rp. 15,000 per grain and palm sugar of Rp. 100,000 kg -1 . In general, genjah palm sugar farmers process half of the palm sugar and the other half is printed sugar. Palm sugar farmer gross income ranges from Rp. 180,000-Rp. 390,000 day -1 . The quality of palm sugar produced after analyzing both printed sugar and palm sugar both have good quality, that is as the requirement the Indonesian National Standar SNI 01-3743-1995 (Table 3). Palm sugar production of good quality, which needs to be improved is the marketing so that it can be sell online. In Table 3 The water content between genjah palm and ordinary palm sugar in printed sugar its higher 1.8% and in the palm sugar is 0.6% much lower. The water content max is 2, its realy important to know because the higer water content the more risk for the sugar to get a fungy on it (Susi, 2012). Ash as content is higher 20 -60%, the ash show how much organic matter and non organic matter in the sugar (Komara, 2018). The reduction sugar is lower 20 -22.14% from the ordinary sugar.
There is no lead detected, the cover content is lower 4.59 -8.48% than the ordinary sugar and there is no different in mercury content, its good according to the Indonesia national standard.
Home business for palm sugar products soon has good economic prospects for the community. If this genjah sugar palm cultivated in a better way, with a plant population of 160 plants per hectare, then the genjah sugar palm will soon start producing at 5-6 years old. The calculation 160 genjah sugar palm plants tapped for 90 inflorence with 12 liters of sap production day -1 . Total daily sap production will gots 1080 liters of sap (Tenda et al., 2011).
According to Tamsir (2020), sugar palm commodity can be used as an intercropping and reforestation plant. Aren serves as a plant for land conservation without causing competition with other food crops.
Especially for genjah sugar, this species has more advantages than the other sugar palm.
Some of the potential of genjah sugar palm are having a relatively faster production age of around 5-6 years, while other palm sugar species are only producing at the 10 years old.
The sugar content is higher or above standard.
The height from the ground is about 2.5 meters, while other species are about 8 meters.
The fruit is thicker so that it has the potential to be a source of planting material on a large scale. It is estimated that 1 inflorence can become planting material for 12 hectares.
Genjah sugar palm is relatively more resistant to pests and diseases. Genjah sugar palm has a high economic value benefits because each plant can produce sap of more than 12 liters day -1 with tapping time of more than 2 months tree -1 . The most valuable part of the high economic value of sap is used as raw material for the production of printed sugar or palm