Culinary Versus Gastronomy

Food becomes one of main income of tourism sector which supports Gross Domestic Product. Food and beverage is also suspected to be the tourists’ motivation for travelling. People, publicly, and government recognize it more as culinary. However, there is a view that argumentation which is constructed by public seems to be not accordance with the real situation. Gastronomy, which accommodates foodshed, cooking, until foodscape and human behaviour, is perceived to be more appropriate as a comparison argument. Related to that matter, in this paper, researcher is trying to study and to compare two-sided definition of terminology over culinary and gastronomy as a way to eliminate argumentum ad populum.

. This sector has much related to tourism business.
The data in 2019 seems to be relieving.
Gross Domestic Product of business in each sector went beyond that in 2018. E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.2. (2020): 193-204  The last two terms is interesting topic since has become a contradiction very often, even an exciting debate among the supporters.
Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find a point over the term of culinary and gastronomy in line with the designation.
Surely, this is so as not to become an argentum ad populum in tourism.

CULINARY
Culinary is derived from the word culinary as an adjective (kū′lin-ar-i) which relates to a kitchen or cuisine or something uses a kitchen. The word culinary is rooted from Latin culinarius or culina means a kitchen (Chambers 20 th Century Dictionary, 2019). In ancient English, culinary is written as cyln means cooking.
The first word of culinary was written in 1638, and then re-introduced by the Humanists sourced from classic Latin in the 16 th century (Engyes, 2019).
Culinary is an art, a way, a technique of food cooking around or relates to a kitchen. The word culinary is connected with cooking, especially as a developed skill or art (Cambridge, 2020 Culinary is about cooking food relates to cooking practices or cooking activities.

Gastronomy is derived from a
French (1800-1900) gastronomie which is adopted from ancient Greek (αστρονομία) gastronómia. Gastro or gastér means "stomach", while nómos (γαστήρ and νόμος) means knowledge or law. So, gastro is understood as "cooking" and nomi means "a rule or a law system about certain field".
Cooking skills continued to develop as an actual field of study until 1800s. Instead of just learning how to cook food, people began to focus on how food became an experiencehow senses interacted to create complete dish to enjoy. France, of course, was the first to claim the title and field as theirs.
If look further to the past time, Archestratus in the 4 th BC mentioned gastronomy "pleasure to pursue delicacy".
He wrote a book "Gastronomia", which generally means "a rule for stomach", contained an eating guide (Santich, 1996).
In the modern era, Gastronomy began to re-   (Soeroso, 2014a(Soeroso, , 2014b including services as a part of food consumption as well (Winson, 2004).

WHY DOES GASTRONOMY RELATE TO CULTURE?
Culture is a characteristic and knowledge of group of people comprises language, religion, cuisine, social habit, music and art. The word "culture" derives from French term which taken from Latin Then what does culture relate to gastronomy? Eagleton (1997) argued that gastronomy emphasizes on food as core component of each culture. As a part of culture, authenticity eating is a combination of joyful, utility and social, while food is a dictionary of heart situation and sensation (Ellmann, 1993), so that the relation between human beings and their food (as cultural product) is characteristic. So, selection on kinds and how the food is consumed will become a marker for identity and differences (Richards, 2012(Richards, , 2015. This perspective indicates food is not merely energy, but also comprises widely meaning as a means to increase the quality of life, of a vehicle for socializing, to enrich experiences, to reveal identity or social status and even to become conflict prevention, and to protect the homeland.   (2018) Food as cultural a cultural product (see Figure 3), previously, was an "elementary product" as a consumption means to fulfil human's basic needs to survive. However, the function of food was then transformed as "existence product"  (Miller et al., 2009).
From the explanation above, the argument that has been used "culinary is the same as gastronomy" is not appropriate in use. Argumentum ad populum means "asking people's opinion is considered to be true due to be believed by many people".
Argumentum ad populum is a form of relevant digression, namely a digression emerges whenever a conclusion taken is not relevant with or is not a logic implication from its premise that makes people fooled. Culinary is mentioned to connect with kitchen and cuisine (Merriam-Webster, 2020), connected with cooking or food (oxfordlearnersdictionaries, 2020); of, relating to, or used in cooking or the kitchen (Dictionary, 2020), so that becomes a part of gastronomy processing stages, and not vice versa (see Figure 2).