Enhancing Cultural Heritage Tourism Experience with Augmented Reality Technology in Bali Gde

Cultural heritage tourism industry is generally required to continuously be creative in finding new strategies for attracting and engaging tourists actively in enjoying this type of tourism. However, cultural heritage managers generally face challenges in marketing and competitiveness. One of the ways to gain competitive advantage is the implementation of the Augmented Reality technology. This study was conducted in order to recreate an interpretation of tourist attractions with the use of Augmented Reality in Bali with the aim of enhancing cultural heritage tourists experience. The methodology used are documentation, interview, usability study and observation. Researches on usability involves users in testing a prototype. The prototype here is an augmented reality app that present the condition of three tourist attractions in Bali (Kuta, Sanur and Uluwatu), back then to 19701980s, to the times before Mass Tourism became a threat like nowadays. The usability study and observation method are widely used to understand how people work with electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablets in recent days. The expected results in this study are to produce an app that is useful to enhance the experience of tourists in Bali and at the end it is expected to create a better appreciation to the culture, history of Bali and its tourism.


INTRODUCTION Background
Augmented Reality, which is further shortened to AR, is one of the most innovative and promising technologies (Attila and Edit, 2012;Jung and Han, 2014), and that AR is believed to encourage added value benefits and relationship has been studied in many contexts both theoretically and practically (Chung et.al., 2015).Integrating the Augmented Reality that is successful in the world of tourism, especially cultural heritage tourism will make an important contribution.The important contribution here is to offer value added for tourists visiting Bali, thus they will not solely gain entertainment, however they will also obtain education about the history of tourist areas in Bali.

Research Objectives
This study aims to help improve the experience of traveling in Bali, especially cultural heritage tourism.From this study, it is also expected that tourists and apps users will be aware of the dangers of mass tourism and tourism exploitation in Bali.This awareness will be created after tourists use this application and obtain a direct comparison of the atmosphere of tourist areas in Bali in the past directly on the scene compared to the recent situation.In addition to entertainment that can be experienced through the nostalgia of tourist areas in the past, this application can also educate tourists.The expected results of this study are the creation of a mobile application that can be patented and downloaded on Android and IOS phones.In the end, the creation of the Augmented Reality application will not merely enhance the tourist experience of tourists in Bali, however also to introduce Balinese history and culture to the world indirectly.

Augmented Reality
The latest developments in mobile Virtual Reality is fully artificial (Figure 1), in Augmented Reality, a "virtual world layering the real world with additional information" (Feiner et al. 1997).The results can be placed along the Reality-Virtuality continuum (Figure 1).(2) limited to the magnitude of marking 3) requires that markers be scaled and adjusted their distance to be recognized by the system (Henrysson and Ollila, 2004).

METHODS
This research has been at the stage of prototyping of the application.Therefore, in the first year the data collection method was focused on documentation, interview and making a prototype.

Documentation Study
This method was used in order to seek for old photos to be used as a database on the application.These old photos will be used as virtual data layering a real situation.This is in accordance with the concept of Augmented Reality.
Searching for old photos is not merely limited to the world wide web or the internet, but also searches for old books, newspapers, magazines and all print media that allows researchers to find old photos located in Sanur, Kuta and Uluwatu.The    Secondly, the info menu explains about this application, the usage and finally, the exit menu is when user want to leaves the apps.where only domestic tourists are targeted, however there will also be narratives in ultimate experience based entirely on recent technology (Neuhofer et al. 2013).Augmented Reality (AR), a visualization technique that superimposes virtual information over real world views in real three-dimensional locations (Kounavis et al. 2012), is a popular method for enhancing a user's cognitive abilities to see http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot103 e-ISSN: 2407-392X.p-ISSN: 2541-0857 the environment in real time (Azuma et al. 2001).AR provides an opportunity to provide value for benefits and quality of travel experience.According to Yovcheva et al (2013) utilizing AR will maximize the experience and satisfaction of tourists on the assumption that tourists will fully accept the use of this AR.Han et al. (2013) asserted that the use of the Augmented Reality is still a new issue in the world of tourism because this technology has not been refined.In addition, empirical studies of the augmented reality in the tourism sector are rarely found, including why people use the augmented reality or the effect of its use in tourist destinations.There is little research on the relationship between augmented reality and tourists in tourist destinations, even though the tourist-technology

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Marker less Augmented Reality Source : https://www.itfirms.co/top-5- first location that the researcher is the Bali Post Office on Jalan Kepundung number 67, because researchers believe that the Bali Post which was established in 1948 certainly has an old archive they have stored and contains photos of Bali in the e-ISSN: 2407-392X.p-ISSN: 2541-0857 past.But apparently, the Bali Post Office did not keep old newspapers published in the 1970s and 1980s, in their libraries only newspaper clippings were available in the early 2000s to date.It applies also to Nusa Daily, a competitor of Bali Post.Through a visit to the office in the two newspapers, the researcher gain the information that the regional archive and library office located in Renon, keeping archives of old Bali Post and Nusa newspapers from the early 1970s to the 1980s.The search for these old photos even reach to Singapore, precisely at the Kinokuniya Bookstore, the most complete and largest bookstore in Southeast Asia.Finally the researchers asked for help from several friends who are studying in Europe, especially the Netherlands, to find books about Bali in the 1970s and 1980s.Researchers focused on the Lonely Planet travel guide book published in the 1070s and 1980s Interview Some interviews were conducted in order to obtain the information about Kuta, Sanur and Uluwatu... From these interviews, information obtained is about the history of these places.The interviews were conducted with the aim of making a narrative which later included in prototype.Hence, when tourists use this application, tourists not merely see pictures or photos on the application however also listening to narrative stories about areas, this is where there is a collaboration between Digital Tourism and Tourism Heritage occurred.Observation One of the most common types of observation is usability study observation.Usability research involves users who try to use a prototype.This method in this era is widely used to understand how people work with mobile equipment such as mobile phones.The purpose of testing is directed at finding deficiencies that cause problems for users and the challenges they experience when using the mobile device.was fairly complex.In the early stages of making this prototype there were many errors and also the inability of programmer to understand the researchers' ideas.The most obvious complexity is when determining the ordinate position of a tourist attraction where old photos appeared and layering the situation or real space.Then, the second problem that arises was the addition of the slider button.This button is very significant for this application prototype because through it, old photos can be made modified.The photos must be able to be displayed through the degree of transparency (translucent, transparent and opaque).Certainly, the foremost purpose of this application is be able to display a comparison between present and past condition of tourist attractions through the degree of transparency of old photos.

Figure 5
Figure 5 shows the opening page when this prototype is opened.A green circle logo represents a time tunnel.This logo had been through many changes since the researchers wanted to ensure the logo will attract potential users to download the application available on Android and IOS.The use of the Lempuyang temple at the beginning of the page is to represent

Figure 5 :
Figure 5: Opening page of Application Prototype

Figure 6 :
Figure 6: Information page of application prototype

Figure 7 :
Figure 7: Main Menu of the Application Prototype

the position of the mobile phone must be in accordance with the object to be projected. Langlotz et al. 2014 refers to the
real time (now).This widely accepted definition emphasizes the fact that a system can be called an Augmented Reality if this system provides information that is in harmony with the user's environment.

Table 1 :
Tilden's Six Basic Principles Chang, Y.L., Hou, H.T., Pan, C.Y., Sung, Y.T. and Chang, K.E., 2015.Apply an augmented reality in a mobile guidance to increase sense of place for heritage places.