Stokiometri Karbon (C), Nitrogen (N) dan Fosfor (P) Tanah pada Pengelolaan Jerami dan Irigasi Sawah
Abstract
Pertanian padi memerlukan strategi pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan untuk menjaga kualitas tanah dan efisiensi penggunaan air. Kebiasaan membakar jerami dan irigasi penggenangan yang dominan digunakan petani sering kali menurunkan kualitas tanah serta keseimbangan hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dinamika stokiometri C:N:P pada pengelolaan jerami dan irigasi selama satu musim tanam serta menentukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk perubahan stokiometri C:N:P. Penelitian dilakukan di Subak Suala, Bali, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor: pengelolaan irigasi (ngenyatin, genangan, dan Alternating Wetting and Drying - AWD) dan pengelolaan jerami (pembakaran dan pembenaman jerami). Data diperoleh melalui pengambilan sampel tanah pada 30 plot perlakuan, diuji di laboratorium dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji two-way ANOVA untuk mengevaluasi kombinasi perlakuan irigasi dan pengelolaan jerami terhadap rasio C:N:P tanah. Uji Z test digunakan untuk menentukan perbedaan rata-rata rasio CN, CP dan NP sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan rasio CN berkisar 3,81–17,50 dan mengalami penurunan pada semua perlakuan, dengan penurunan terbesar (40%) pada irigasi penggenangan dan pembenaman jerami. Rasio CP berkisar 8,83–47,16 dan menurun lebih signifikan (50%) pada irigasi AWD dan pembakaran jerami. Rasio NP berkisar 0,75–4,77 dengan penurunan terbesar (46%) pada irigasi AWD dan pembakaran jerami, serta peningkatan kecil (5%) pada irigasi ngenyatin dan pembenaman jerami. Penelitian ini membuktikan pembenaman jerami lebih efektif dalam menjaga keseimbangan karbon dan nitrogen dibandingkan pembakaran jerami, sementara irigasi AWD lebih optimal dalam mempertahankan ketersediaan fosfor. Kombinasi pembenaman jerami dan irigasi AWD direkomendasikan untuk mendukung produktivitas lahan di Subak.
Abstract
Rice farming requires a sustainable management strategy to maintain soil quality and water use efficiency. The habit of burning straw and inundation irrigation that is predominantly used by farmers often reduces soil quality and nutrient balance. This study aimed to determine the dynamics of C:N:P stochiometry in straw management and irrigation management during one planting season and determine the best treatment combination for changes in C:N:P stochiometry. The study was conducted in Subak Suala, Bali, using a random design complete with two factors: irrigation management (ngenyatin, inundation, and Alternating Wetting and Drying - AWD) and straw management (burning and planting straw). Data were obtained through soil sampling on 30 treatment plots, tested in the laboratory and the results were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test to evaluate the combination of irrigation treatment and hay management to the C:N:P ratio of soil. The Z test is used to determine the difference in the average ratio of CN, CP and NP before and after treatment. The results of the data analysis showed that the CN ratio ranged from 3.81–17.50 with the largest decrease (40%) in inundation irrigation and straw immersion. The CP ratio ranges from 8.83–47.16 and decreases more significantly (50%) in AWD irrigation and straw burning. The NP ratio ranged from 0.75–4.77 with the largest decrease (46%) in AWD irrigation and straw burning, as well as a small increase (5%) in ngenyatin irrigation and straw immersion. This study proves that straw immersion is more effective in maintaining carbon and nitrogen balance than burning straw, while AWD irrigation systems are more optimal in maintaining the availability of phosphorus. A combination of straw planting and an AWD irrigation system is recommended to support sustainable land productivity in Subak.
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References
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