The Influence of Barriers on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students of Business Administration Telkom University

This research aims to find out the Influence of Entrepreneurship Interest Barriers on Entrepreneurship Interests of Telkom UniversityBusiness AdministrationStudents. The methods used in this research are quantitative with a type of descriptive analysis research. Respondents in this study were 322 Telkom University Business Administration Students with sampling methods namely probability sampling and Proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that respondents' responses had an influence of 27.2% between the Financial Barrier variable to the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. There is an influence of 21.5% between the Knowledge Barrier variable to the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. There is an influence of 26% between Risk Avoidance variables to entrepreneurship interest variables. There was an influence of 12% between the Fear of Failure variable on the Entrepreneurship Interest variable, and there was an influence of 9.1% between the Stress Avoidance variable on the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. The results of data processing and analysis showed that the Entrepreneurship Interest Barrier contributed simultaneously to Entrepreneurship Interest by 50.3% while the remaining 49.7% was influenced by other factors outside the Entrepreneurship Interest Barrier variable.


Background
Currently, the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia only reaches 3.5 percent of the population. This ratio is still lower compared to other countries such as Malaysia 5 percent, China 10 percent, Singapore 7 percent, Japan 11 percent, and the U.S. which is 12 percent. Meanwhile, the Government targets that Indonesia can touch the figure of 4 percent of entrepreneurs from the population by 2030 to encourage economic strengthening and Indonesia can become a developed country.
Based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Index 2018, from 137 countries, Indonesia is ranked 94th in entrepreneurship. This position is still lagging behind some other countries in Southeast Asia. Because, Vietnam is in 87th position, the Philippines in 76th position, Thailand is in the 71st position, Malaysia is 58th, Brunei Darussalam is 53rd, and Singapore is 27th.
Self-employment plays an important role in supporting national economic growth. The role of entrepreneurs in developing countries such as Indonesia has a lot of positive impacts. The role of entrepreneurship can be in the form of contributing to transforming people's lives, namely by increasing low incomes to higher incomes and from primary sector-based communities to communities based on the service and technology sector (Wim Naude, 2008). There are three positive impacts of entrepreneurs in the economy. First, entrepreneurs open new types of businesses in the economy. Second, provide employment and absorb labor. Third, increase the output per capita nationwide. (Prasetyani, 2020:54) The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) recorded total unemployment as of August 2020 of 7.07 percent. This number increased by 1.84 percentage points compared to August 2019. Here is an open unemployment rate table based on the highest education completed in the last three years.
Based on the table 1, it shows that one of the most unemployed comes from university graduation. University graduates are in the 5th most position at the open unemployment rate based on the highest education completed. Unemployment has a negative impact on the country's economy and social aspects. The impact on the economy includes lowering people's prosperity, unstable economic growth, lower real

A. Entrepreneurship
The concept of entrepreneurship was first introduced by an economist in France named Richard Cantillon around 1755. The word entrepreneurship itself comes from the word entrependre in French which means to do something. Cantillon states that an entrepreneur is someone who can afford several factors of production at a certain price, to combine them in a certain form (Bunga &Pentana, 2018).

Entrepreneurial Characteristics
According to Geoffrey Meredith in Kuswara (2017) there are six characters and characteristics of an entrepreneur, namely:  6. Don't be afraid of failure 7. The first and second failures are common, let's assume failure is a delayed success.

Entrepreneurial Characteristics
According to Scarborough and Zimmerer in Echdar & Maryadi (2019), entrepreneurial traits include: 1. Desire for responsibility, which is the desire is responsible for the efforts that are being pioneered that are actualized through self-reattitude.

2.
Preference for moderate risk, which is the tendency to always take moderate risks reflected by decision choices that always avoid risk levels that are too high or too low.
3. Confidence in their ability to succeed, which is the belief in his ability to suskes reflected through the motto that failure is nothing but a delayed success.

4.
Desire for immediate feedback, which is the will to always get feedback that is as soon as possible.

5.
High level of energy, which is the spirit and drives to work hard to realize his dreams better in the future.
6. Future orientation, which is the prospective possession of space and time into the future.
7. Skill at organizing, which is the possessing of expertise and skills in organizing resources to create added value. 8. Value achievement over money, which is owned by a benchmark.
9. Which is quantitative financial in assessing performance.

Entrepreneurial
According to Meredith in Prasetyaningtyas (2020), entrepreneurs are people who can see, assess opportunities and gather all the resources needed to take advantage of it and take appropriate action, and ensure success that can be achieved.

Barriers to Entrepreneurship Interest
According to Kebaili et al (2017), the barriers to entrepreneurship interest consist of seven factors, including: 1. Financial Barriers Financial barriers can occur from several indicators, namely lack of loans, processes or bureaucratic requirements for loans such as collateral or guarantors. Previous studies in different contexts showed and tested such relationships. According to Ahmad in Kebaili et al (2017) in his study of entrepreneurship barriers in Saudi Arabia found that the most common obstacle is the difficulty of getting a loan, even ranked number one with a percentage of 90.96%. Similarly, Robertson et al (Kebaili et al,2017) found that financial support was the main obstacle (over 50 percent) in the face of start-up activity in the UK.
Despite the importance of the availability of funds as an obstacle to starting a business, some studies have also found that there is no link between the unavailability of funds and entrepreneurship interests. Sandhu et al (Kebaili et al,2017) found that financial loans and entrepreneurship are negatively related. In addition, Schwarz et al (Kebaili et al,2017) in a study conducted on Australian students found that there was no relationship between the availability of funds and entrepreneurship interests.

Market Barriers
Barriers to the market can consist of the threat of large competitors controlling the market, unavailability of information, or lack of business networks (Chowdhury, Gird and Bagraim, Wauters and Lambrecht, Pruett et al, and Ahmad in Kebaili et al,2017). The lack of business networks can be an obstacle because it can be a serious barrier for aspiring entrepreneurs who want to penetrate the market (Chowdhury and Ahmad in Kebaili t al,2017).

Knowledge Barriers
Previous studies have explained that a lack of knowledge can be a lack of entrepreneurial skills and competencies (Robertson and Pruett in Kebaili et al (2017). In addition, lack of knowledge is defined as the inability to predict demand (Chowdhury in Kebaili et al,2017), inability to organize people and maintain business and accounting records, and lack of business and marketing knowledge (Ahmad in Kebaili et al,2017).

Attitude Towards Change
Attitude towards change can be defined as a tendency to accept changes and related challenges. New business activities involve a degree of uncertainty and uncertainty of new business outcomes (Schwarz et al in Kebaili et al,2017). Kebaili et al (2017) asserts that people with positive behavior towards change are usually more likely to choose to start a new business, and tired of stagnation in a stable and ordinary environment. | 37

Risk Avoidance
Previous studies have shown a link between risky attitudes and entrepreneurial interests. Koh in Kebaili et al (2017) defines the tendency to take risks as people's tendency to gamble in the context of uncertain decision-making. Starting a new business involves uncertainty that can translate into risk. Pruet et al (Kebaili et al,2017) distinguish between two types of risk; risk of surgery and initial risk. The first relates to issues about employees (insolvents, workload, and non-fixed income). The second type of risk is a lack of initial capital. Many

Fear of Failure
As some respondents from Qatar (Kebaili in Kebaili, 2017) pointed out, the problem of business failure and most likely bankruptcy is a serious psychological obstacle to starting a new business. In a conservative society, business failure means losing face in front of family and friends. This is because failure means the person is incompetent, careless, and even immature.

Stress Avoidance
Starting and maintaining a new business involves two kinds of stress. First, the stress associated with time commitment and the extra workload required by a new business. In addition, getting involved in a new business involves the hassle of running a business. The second type of stress comes from worries due to irregular income. Setting up and managing a business includes a certain level of uncertainty about the market and economic situation that can cause extra stress to its owners. So, people may avoid starting a new business and instead stick to a stable, stress-free government job. A previous study conducted by Sandhu et al in Kebaili et al (2017) confirmed a negative relationship between stress avoidance and entrepreneurial avoidance.

Entrepreneurial Interest
Entrepreneurship interest is a person's desire to start having a new business or business. Entrepreneurship interest starts from a person's desire to become an entrepreneur. Interest and willingness in entrepreneurship make a person have a better readiness in the business to be carried out. Planning a new business is part of the dream in one's career and the ideas you have always tend towards entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurship interests include a reason to obtain status to be known and respected by others (Sandhu et al, 2011) Kebaili (2015) found that attitude towards change, risk avoidance, fear of failure, stress avoidance, financial barriers, market barriers,an d knowledge barriers are considered as obstacle to entrepreneurship interest.

Relationship Barriers to Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Interest
So the hypotheses in this study are as follows: • H1: There is a significant influence of financial Barriers (X1) on entrepreneurship interest (Y) Telkom university business administration students.
• H2: There are a significant influence of market Barriers (X2) on entrepreneurship interest (Y) Telkom university business administration students.
• H3: There is a significant influence knowledge Barriers (X3) on the entrepreneurship interest (Y) of Telkom University Business Administration students.
• H4: There is a significant influence of Attitude towards Change (X4) on entrepreneurship interest (Y) of Telkom University Business Administration students.
• H5: There is a significant influenceof risk Avoidance (X5) on entrepreneurship interest (Y) of Telkom University Business Administration students.
• H6: There is a significant influenceof fear of Failur e (X6) on the entrepreneurship interest (Y) of Telkom University Business Administration students.
• H7: There is a significant influence of Stress Avoidance (X7) on entrepreneurship interest (Y)Telkomm university business administration students.

III. RESEARCH METHODS
The type of research that researchers do is descriptive and causality (conclusive) research with a quantitative approach. According to Sugiyono (2018: 11), descriptive research is research conducted to find out the value of independent variables, either one or more variables without making comparisons or connecting between variables with each other. Causality research according to Sugiyono (2017: 8) is a study conducted on a particular population or sampleto testg a predetermined hypothesis. According to Sugiyono (2017: 7) quantitative re, search is a research method based on the philosophy of positivity that will be used to examine populations or samples conducted randomly, data collection using research instruments, quantitative or statistical data analysis to test pre-established hypotheses.
When measuring operational variables in the study, the scale of the tools used was the Likert scale. According to Sugiyono (2017: 93), the Likert scale is used to measure the attitudes, opinions, and opinions of a person or group of people about a particular object or phenomenon that is happening, and that object or phenomenon clearly defined an investigation. variable.
With the Likert scale, the variable to be measured is explained as an indicator variable. Then the variable indicator is used as a starting point to arrange instrument items that can be statements. Each statement item has five answers with a value of 1 to 5 where the value of 1 strongly disagrees and the highest value is 5 strongly agrees.
The sampling technique used in this study is probability sampling with Proportionate stratified random sampling. According to Sugiyono (2015: 122) probability sampling is a sampling technique that provides the same opportunity for each element (member) to be selected as a sample member.

Proportionate
Stratified Random Sampling according to Sugiyono (2015: 124) is a technique used when the population is not homogeneous and proportionately abstracted. In this study, an example is a student of Telkom University Business Administration Program consisting of four generations, namely 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020.
In this study, the population used was a student of Telkom University's Business Administration Study Program consisting of four generations. An overview of the population is described in Table 3 below:

1.630
The population for this study is 1,630 people, so the formula used is the Slovin formula because the number of population is known. The number of samples was 322. Using proportionated stratified random sampling calculations obtained the following sample proportions: In this study, primary data used questionnaires, and data sources were obtained from respondents. The questionnaire is a data collection technique that is done by providing a set of questions or written statements to respondents to answer.
In this study, researchers used questionnaires where each question was accompanied by five possible answers that respondents had to choose | 39 from. From the answers obtained, further compiled assessment criteria for each question item. The assessment criteria for each question item are based on percentages. The classical assumption test is a statistical assumption test that must be met in regression analysis, the goal is to find out whether or not a linear regression model determines whether or not a study is present. The study IBM SPSS Statistic 25.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSES
Based on the results of the study, it can be known that the characteristics of respondents in the following table: The results of descriptive analysis techniques showed that respondents' responses to the entrepreneurship interest barrier variable (X) fell into the category "High" with a percentage value of 72.2%. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, the entrepreneurship interest variable is in the category "Very High" with a percentage of 84%.