Distribution and Revenue Sharing of Natural Resources in Indonesia: Autonomous Region and Legal Pluralism Perspective
Abstract
The distribution and revenue sharing of natural resources in Indonesia is considered a very important issue. The exploitation of natural resources of a particular region can be implemented by referring to the concept of regional autonomy. In practice, not all regional governments can take advantage of the natural resources situated in the region. The research aims to review and analyze the arrangement of revenue sharing and natural resources based on the principle of decentralization in the balance of national and regional finances in Indonesia and analyze the autonomous region in Indonesia from a legal pluralism perspective. This study is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The results suggested that the arrangement of the division of funds for revenue based on decentralization in Indonesia has not fully reflected the principle of proportionality, as it is perceived not providing just and proper share for some regions. In achieving public welfare and social justice at the lowest level of governance, the existence of customary villages in Bali may serve as a solution in addressing the issue of regional management on natural resources along with its potential benefits. Parallel to this concern, the customary village can also play an indirect role in achieving justice, equity, and harmony in the regions. Therefore, the synergy between the national and regional governments, including customary villages undoubtedly reflects legal pluralism.
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References
Book
Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Ali Mansoor. "Indonesia: managing decentralization." In Managing Fiscal Decentralisation edited by Ethisham Ahmad and Vito Tanzi, 1-21, London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Alisjahbana, Armida S. “7. Does Indonesia have the Balance Right in Natural Resource Revenue Sharing?.” In The Politics And Economics Of Indonesia's Natural Resources, edited by Budy P. Resosudarmo, 109-124. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2005.
Bahl, Roy, and Bayar Tumennasan. “How Should Revenues From Natural Resources be Shared in Indonesia?.” In Reforming Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and the Rebuilding of Indonesia: The'Big Bang'Program and its Economic Consequences, edited by edited by James Alm, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, 199-233. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar, 2004.
Grafton, Quentin, et.al.. The economics of the environment and natural resources. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
Journal Article
Atmadja, Anantatiwikrama Tungga, Nengah Bawa Atmadja, and Tuti Maryati. "Pecalang Segara: Satuan Tugas Keamanan Tradisional Penjaga Kelestarian Lingkungan Pantai dan Laut: Studi Kasus di Desa Pakraman Pemuteran, Grokgak, Buleleng, Bali." Jurnal Bumi Lestari 13, no. 1 (2013): 174-184.
Bakti, Baktu. “Pluralisme Hukum dalam Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Sumber Daya Alam di Aceh.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (2015): 129-149.
Butt, Simon, and Fritz Edward Siregar. “State Control Over Natural Resources in Indonesia: Implications Of The Oil And Natural Gas Law Case of 2012.” Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 31, no. 2 (2013): 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2013.11435324.
Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu, “Eksistensi Otonomi Desa Pakraman dalam Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum.” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 3, no. 3 (2014). 515-528. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2014.v03.i03.p13
Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu, I. Gede Pasek Pramana, and Putu Edgar Tanaya. “Hukum Adat dan Hukum Nasional: Elaborasi Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat.” www. mpr. go. id: 115-150.
Dwijayanthi, Putri Triari, Kali Jones, and N. G. A. D. Satyawati. “Indigenous People, Economic Development and Sustainable Tourism: A Comparative Analysis Between Bali, Indonesia and Australia.” Udayana Journal of law and Culture 1, no. 1 (2017): 16-30. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2017.v01.i01.p02
Ferdiansyah, Irfan, Dwi Risma Deviyanti, and Salmah Pattisahusiwa. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus, Dan Dana Perimbangan Terhadap Belanja Daerah.” INOVASI 14, no. 1 (2018): 44-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29264/jinv.v14i1.3546
Hamzah, Herdiansyah. “Legal Policy of Legislation in the Field of Natural Resources in Indonesia.” Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (2016): 108-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i1.218
Hidayat, Rachmat. “Political devolution: Lessons from a decentralized mode of government in Indonesia.” SAGE open 7, no. 1 (2017): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016686812
Isharyanto, Johan Erwin. “Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan Dalam Kerangka Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Dinamika Masyarakat 15, no. 1 (2018): 34-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/hdm.v15i1.638
Ledyawati, “Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Pertambangan Minerba di Era Otonomi Daerah.” Jurnal Agregasi: Aksi Reformasi Government dalam Demokrasi 5, no. 1 (2017): 39-50.
Listijowati. “Tinjauan Yuridis Kedudukan Dan Hubungan Antara DPRD dan Pemerintah Daerah Menurut UU. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah.” Justice Pro: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 1 (2018): 53-69. https://doi.org/10.53027/jp.v2i1.230
Mbow, Cheikh, Mark Halle, Rabih El Fadel, and Ibrahim Thiaw. “Land resources opportunities for a growing prosperity in the Sahel.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 48 (2021): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.11.005
Mudayen, Yohanes Maria Vianey and Herry Maridjo. “The Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization, Institutional Transformation, and Regional Revenue on Income Disparities between Provinces in Indonesia.” Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura 20, no. 3 (2018): 247-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v20i2.878
Muin, Fatkhul. “Otonomi Daerah Dalam Perspektif Pembagian Urusan Pemerintah-Pemerintah Daerah dan Keuangan Daerah.” Fiat Justisia 8, no. 1 (2014): 69-79. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v8no1.288
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konsep Integrasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pertambangan Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum di Indonesia” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 48, no. 4 (2019): 402-410. 10.14710/mmh.48.4.2019.402-410
Ribot, J. C., Agrawal, A., & Larson, A. M. “Recentralizing While Decentralizing: How National Governments Reappropriate Forest Resources.” World Development 34 no. 11 (2006): 1864–1886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.020
Rideng, I. W., Astara, I. W. W., & Nahak, S. Model Pengelolaan Hutan Desa Berbasis Desa Adat di Desa Selat, Kabupaten Buleleng. Community Service Journal 1, no. 1 (2018). 8-14
Said, Abdul Rauf Alauddin. “Pembagian Kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat-Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Otonomi Seluas-Luasnya Menurut UUD 1945.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 4 (2015): 577-602. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v9no4.613
Sulistiawan, Anggit, Budi Ispriyarso, and Aprista Ristyawati. “Bentuk dan Mekanisme Perencanaan Keuangan Daerah yang Partisipatif Guna Mewujudkan Akuntabilitas Publik.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2019): 146-157. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i2.146-157
von Benda-Beckmann, Franz. “Who’s Afraid of Legal Pluralism?.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 34, no. 47 (2002): 37-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2002.10756563
Wibawa, I. Putu Sastra. “Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Bendega sebagai Organisasi Tradisional Nelayan di Bali.” Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Kebudayaan 20, no. 1 (2020): 67-76. https://doi.org/10.32795/ds.v20i1.643
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
______. The Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly No: I/MPR/2003 concerning the Review of the Material and Legal Status of the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia 1960 to 2002.
______. The Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia No. XV/MPR /1998 on the implementation of regional autonomy; Settings; division; and equitable utilization of national resources; and Central and regional financial balance in the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2003 on State Finances
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.33 of 2004 concerning the Financial Balance between the National Government and Regional Governments.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2009 concerning Local Taxes and Changes.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2014 concerning Customary Villages.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
______. Government Regulation No. 12 of 2O19 concerning The Management of Regional Finance and Minister of Domestic Affairs Regulation No. 77 of 2020 concerning Technical Guidance on the Management of Regional Finance
Bali Province. Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages.
______. Bali Governor Regulation No. 26 of 2020 concerning Integrated Environmental Security System Based on Customary Village.
Other Documents
Manley, David, Rani Febrianti and Hari Subhash, “Tangled Web: The Role of Oil, Gas and Mining in Funding Regional Government in Indonesia,” Natural Resource Governance Institute, January 2020, https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/tangled-web-the-role-of-oil-gas-and-mining-in-funding-regional-governments-in-indonesia.pdf
Strachan, Anna Louise. Oil and gas revenue sharing. Vol. 1123. GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report, 2014. http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/hdq1123.pdf
Case Law
Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Decision of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia No. 31/PUU-V/2007.
______. Decision of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia No. 71/PUU-IX/2011.
Website Content
Dinas Pemajuan Masyarakat Adat Pemerintah Bali. “Visi dan Misi.” https://dpma.baliprov.go.id/visi-dan-misi/
Nurjaya, I Nyoman Nurjaya, “Perkembangan Pemikiran Konsep Pluralisme Hukum.” Paper presented in Konferensi Internasional tentang Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Sedang Berubah: “Mempertanyakan Kembali Berbagai , Jakarta.(2004): 1-17., Available in https://docplayer.info/35514477-Perkembangan-pemikiran-konsep-pluralisme-hukum-1.html
Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Ali Mansoor. "Indonesia: managing decentralization." In Managing Fiscal Decentralisation edited by Ethisham Ahmad and Vito Tanzi, 1-21, London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Alisjahbana, Armida S. “7. Does Indonesia have the Balance Right in Natural Resource Revenue Sharing?.” In The Politics And Economics Of Indonesia's Natural Resources, edited by Budy P. Resosudarmo, 109-124. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2005.
Bahl, Roy, and Bayar Tumennasan. “How Should Revenues From Natural Resources be Shared in Indonesia?.” In Reforming Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and the Rebuilding of Indonesia: The'Big Bang'Program and its Economic Consequences, edited by edited by James Alm, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, 199-233. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar, 2004.
Grafton, Quentin, et.al.. The economics of the environment and natural resources. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
Journal Article
Atmadja, Anantatiwikrama Tungga, Nengah Bawa Atmadja, and Tuti Maryati. "Pecalang Segara: Satuan Tugas Keamanan Tradisional Penjaga Kelestarian Lingkungan Pantai dan Laut: Studi Kasus di Desa Pakraman Pemuteran, Grokgak, Buleleng, Bali." Jurnal Bumi Lestari 13, no. 1 (2013): 174-184.
Bakti, Baktu. “Pluralisme Hukum dalam Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Sumber Daya Alam di Aceh.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (2015): 129-149.
Butt, Simon, and Fritz Edward Siregar. “State Control Over Natural Resources in Indonesia: Implications Of The Oil And Natural Gas Law Case of 2012.” Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 31, no. 2 (2013): 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2013.11435324.
Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu, “Eksistensi Otonomi Desa Pakraman dalam Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum.” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 3, no. 3 (2014). 515-528. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2014.v03.i03.p13
Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu, I. Gede Pasek Pramana, and Putu Edgar Tanaya. “Hukum Adat dan Hukum Nasional: Elaborasi Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat.” www. mpr. go. id: 115-150.
Dwijayanthi, Putri Triari, Kali Jones, and N. G. A. D. Satyawati. “Indigenous People, Economic Development and Sustainable Tourism: A Comparative Analysis Between Bali, Indonesia and Australia.” Udayana Journal of law and Culture 1, no. 1 (2017): 16-30. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2017.v01.i01.p02
Ferdiansyah, Irfan, Dwi Risma Deviyanti, and Salmah Pattisahusiwa. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus, Dan Dana Perimbangan Terhadap Belanja Daerah.” INOVASI 14, no. 1 (2018): 44-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29264/jinv.v14i1.3546
Hamzah, Herdiansyah. “Legal Policy of Legislation in the Field of Natural Resources in Indonesia.” Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (2016): 108-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i1.218
Hidayat, Rachmat. “Political devolution: Lessons from a decentralized mode of government in Indonesia.” SAGE open 7, no. 1 (2017): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016686812
Isharyanto, Johan Erwin. “Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan Dalam Kerangka Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Dinamika Masyarakat 15, no. 1 (2018): 34-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/hdm.v15i1.638
Ledyawati, “Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Pertambangan Minerba di Era Otonomi Daerah.” Jurnal Agregasi: Aksi Reformasi Government dalam Demokrasi 5, no. 1 (2017): 39-50.
Listijowati. “Tinjauan Yuridis Kedudukan Dan Hubungan Antara DPRD dan Pemerintah Daerah Menurut UU. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah.” Justice Pro: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 1 (2018): 53-69. https://doi.org/10.53027/jp.v2i1.230
Mbow, Cheikh, Mark Halle, Rabih El Fadel, and Ibrahim Thiaw. “Land resources opportunities for a growing prosperity in the Sahel.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 48 (2021): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.11.005
Mudayen, Yohanes Maria Vianey and Herry Maridjo. “The Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization, Institutional Transformation, and Regional Revenue on Income Disparities between Provinces in Indonesia.” Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura 20, no. 3 (2018): 247-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v20i2.878
Muin, Fatkhul. “Otonomi Daerah Dalam Perspektif Pembagian Urusan Pemerintah-Pemerintah Daerah dan Keuangan Daerah.” Fiat Justisia 8, no. 1 (2014): 69-79. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v8no1.288
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konsep Integrasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pertambangan Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum di Indonesia” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 48, no. 4 (2019): 402-410. 10.14710/mmh.48.4.2019.402-410
Ribot, J. C., Agrawal, A., & Larson, A. M. “Recentralizing While Decentralizing: How National Governments Reappropriate Forest Resources.” World Development 34 no. 11 (2006): 1864–1886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.020
Rideng, I. W., Astara, I. W. W., & Nahak, S. Model Pengelolaan Hutan Desa Berbasis Desa Adat di Desa Selat, Kabupaten Buleleng. Community Service Journal 1, no. 1 (2018). 8-14
Said, Abdul Rauf Alauddin. “Pembagian Kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat-Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Otonomi Seluas-Luasnya Menurut UUD 1945.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 4 (2015): 577-602. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v9no4.613
Sulistiawan, Anggit, Budi Ispriyarso, and Aprista Ristyawati. “Bentuk dan Mekanisme Perencanaan Keuangan Daerah yang Partisipatif Guna Mewujudkan Akuntabilitas Publik.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2019): 146-157. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i2.146-157
von Benda-Beckmann, Franz. “Who’s Afraid of Legal Pluralism?.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 34, no. 47 (2002): 37-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2002.10756563
Wibawa, I. Putu Sastra. “Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Bendega sebagai Organisasi Tradisional Nelayan di Bali.” Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Kebudayaan 20, no. 1 (2020): 67-76. https://doi.org/10.32795/ds.v20i1.643
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
______. The Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly No: I/MPR/2003 concerning the Review of the Material and Legal Status of the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia 1960 to 2002.
______. The Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia No. XV/MPR /1998 on the implementation of regional autonomy; Settings; division; and equitable utilization of national resources; and Central and regional financial balance in the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2003 on State Finances
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.33 of 2004 concerning the Financial Balance between the National Government and Regional Governments.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2009 concerning Local Taxes and Changes.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2014 concerning Customary Villages.
______. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
______. Government Regulation No. 12 of 2O19 concerning The Management of Regional Finance and Minister of Domestic Affairs Regulation No. 77 of 2020 concerning Technical Guidance on the Management of Regional Finance
Bali Province. Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages.
______. Bali Governor Regulation No. 26 of 2020 concerning Integrated Environmental Security System Based on Customary Village.
Other Documents
Manley, David, Rani Febrianti and Hari Subhash, “Tangled Web: The Role of Oil, Gas and Mining in Funding Regional Government in Indonesia,” Natural Resource Governance Institute, January 2020, https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/tangled-web-the-role-of-oil-gas-and-mining-in-funding-regional-governments-in-indonesia.pdf
Strachan, Anna Louise. Oil and gas revenue sharing. Vol. 1123. GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report, 2014. http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/hdq1123.pdf
Case Law
Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Decision of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia No. 31/PUU-V/2007.
______. Decision of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia No. 71/PUU-IX/2011.
Website Content
Dinas Pemajuan Masyarakat Adat Pemerintah Bali. “Visi dan Misi.” https://dpma.baliprov.go.id/visi-dan-misi/
Nurjaya, I Nyoman Nurjaya, “Perkembangan Pemikiran Konsep Pluralisme Hukum.” Paper presented in Konferensi Internasional tentang Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Sedang Berubah: “Mempertanyakan Kembali Berbagai , Jakarta.(2004): 1-17., Available in https://docplayer.info/35514477-Perkembangan-pemikiran-konsep-pluralisme-hukum-1.html
Published
2021-07-31
How to Cite
SUMERTA YASA, Putu Gede Arya.
Distribution and Revenue Sharing of Natural Resources in Indonesia: Autonomous Region and Legal Pluralism Perspective.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 172-184, july 2021.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/74187>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v05.i02.p05.
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