Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Small and Large Intestine of Bali Cattle

Information on the anatomical and morphometric structure of the digestive system of Bali cattle will provide a clear and precise picture if abnormalities occur in the organs in the digestive system. This study aims to determine the anatomical and morphometric structures of the small intestine and large intestine of Bali cattle. Samples were taken from 14 Bali cattle and based on gross pathology examination declared healthy. The results showed that the average length of the small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum are 473.07 cm, 529.64 cm, and 363.64 cm; and successive widths are 5.50 cm, 6.00 cm, and 6.11 cm. While the average length of the large intestine which includes the cecum, colon and rectum are 36.78 cm, 371.21, 50.00 cm; while the width are 9.65 cm, 11.47 cm, and 8.85 cm. Jejunum has the longest size in the small intestine, while in the large intestine the longest size is the colon. The right information and data about the digestive system are very important and useful to support further clinical and preclinical research, and the results of this study can be used as a reference in determining the characterization of Bali cattle.


I.INTRODUCTION
Cattle is one of the food sources, especially meat. Growth and productivity are important and must be considered. The digestive system is one of the factors that play a role in cow growth. Diseases that often occur in cows are diseases associated with the digestive system. Many diseases are related to the digestive system. Bali cattle are native cows with a fairly large population and a wide distribution in Indonesia. Diwyanto and Priyantini [1] stated that Bali cattle are native Indonesian beef cattle and are recognized as superior breeds because they have a high fertility and conception rate of 85.9% and the percentage of calf 70-81% [2], high reproductive potential, high carcass weight, quickly fattened. Bali cattle also easily adapted to the new environment, so it is known as pioneering cows [3].

Another advantage that possessed by
Bali Cattle is a good calving interval, which is one calf per year. The same thing was also reported by Siregar [4], that Bali cows have an advantage compared to other local cows because they have high fertility, pregnancy rate and high birth rate (more than 80%) and potential as meat sources.
The higher import of beef and cattle to meet domestic demands and the higher public awareness of the importance of nutrition, especially those derived from animal protein, causes the demand for livestock products, especially meat, increase. It can be a force for the government to improve domestic cattle productivity by managing the native Indonesian cattle as well as possible [2], this is in accordance with the government's program to increase food self-sufficiency, especially beef, that declared in 2014.
The digestive tract is an organ that plays an important role in converting feed given to cattle into meat products. The amount of meat bone ratio (without fat) and meat bone ratio (with fat) is the result of the digestion process of feed in a cow's body [5].
The digestive system (tractus digestivus) consists of a membranous muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus. Its function is to food enter, grind, digest and absorb food and remove solid waste. The digestive system converts nutrients in food into simpler compounds that can be absorbed and used as energy, build other compounds for metabolic purposes. Digestion is a series of processes that occur in the digestive tract to allow absorption [5].
Most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
The digestive process is assisted by   The cross-section of jejunum is wider than duodenum, the walls are thicker, and contain many blood vessels. The digestive tract is an organ that plays an important role in converting feed given to cattle into meat products [5].

Samples
Investments in modern farms designed to maximize productivity and generate profits by increasing carcass size have proven to be an appropriate alternative to improving the production index [13]. Owens and Goetsch [14] state [ 19], reported that the length of the donkey's small intestine varies between 7 to 8 m, while the large intestine's length reaches 4 m. Another study of a similar type was also carried out in horses by Barone [20], which stated that the length of the small intestine of the horse was 12 m, while the length of the large intestine was 8 m, whereas in rabbits studied by Alves et al. [21] and. Fitri [22] reported