The Analysis of Clinical sign, Mortality and Histopathology of Cantang Grouper Infected with VNN in Recirculating Aquaculture System
Abstract
Hybrid grouper is a variety of grouper that has become increasingly popular in recent years. The development of grouper cultured in Indonesia utilizing the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is currently underway; nevertheless, fish cultured in the RAS system continue to struggle with infectious diseases, one of which is VNN (viral nervous necrosis) infection caused by piscine betanodavirus. The purpose of this study was to know the clinical sign, mortality, and histopathology of cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus) infected with VNN in RAS. Fish samples were obtained from the hatchery using RAS. This research uses a mixed methods approach and the type of research used is exploratory research. The parameters observed were clinical signs, mortality, and histopathology. Water quality, including temperature, DO, salinity, and pH at the time of VNN infection, was used as secondary data. The results showed that clinical signs of sick fish were weakness, staying at the bottom of the rearing tank, decreased appetite, swimming with the stomach facing up and the body dark in color. Fish mortality occurred for ± 10 days with a peak of mortality reaching 26.86 ± 7.45% on day 9 from initial signs. Histopathology result, diseased fish showed vacuolization in the brain and retina of the eye.
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References
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[27] I. Bandín and S. Souto, “Betanodavirus and VER Disease : A 30-year,” Pathogens, vol. 9, pp. 1–46, 2020.
[2] A. N. Rochmad, “Rearing Technique of Cantang Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) in Floating Net Cages,” J. Biosains Pascasarj., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2020.
[3] M. Ansari and K. M. A. Sudewa, “Black Spots on the Body Surface of Cantang Hybrid Grouper,” Bul. Tek. Litkayasa Akuakultur, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 145-147, 2020.
[4] B. D. H. Setyono, Muhammad Junaidi, Andre Rachmat Scabra, and Hendri Kaswadi, “Improvement of Environmental Quality in Tilapia Cultivation in Sokong Village, Tanjung District, North Lombok Regency,” J. Pengabdi. Perikan. Indones., vol. 1, pp. 69–76, 2021.
[5] R. P. E. Yanong, “Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture systems - Part 2 : Pathogens,” IFAS Ext., 2012.
[6] I. Koesharyani, D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, K. Yuasa, and Zafran, Manual for fish disease diagnosis - II. Gondol: KKP-Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, 2001.
[7] Z. Zafran, T. Harada, I. K. I. Koesharyan, K. Yuasa, and K. Hatai, “Indonesian Hatchery Reared Seasbass Larvae (Lates calcarifer), Associated with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN),” J. Penelit. Perikan. Indones., vol. 10, 1998.
[8] I. A. N. S. Utami, A. A. A. Ciptojoyo, and N. N. Wiadnyana, “Gill Histopathology of Siamese Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Infested with Monogenean Trematodes,” Media Akuakultur, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 35, 2017.
[9] H. C. Pratiwi and A. Manan, “Basic Histology Technique Of Gouramy Fish (Osphronemus gouramy),” J. Ilm. Perikan. dan Kelaut., vol. 7, pp. 153–158, 2015.
[10] R. P. E. Yanong, “Viral Nervous Necrosis ( Betanodavirus ) Infections in Fish,” IFAS Ext., pp. 1–6, 2019.
[11] R. Yuwanita, N. R. Buwono, and H. F. E. Putra, “Effect of Dunaliella Salina on Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes of Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) Infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN),” J. Ilm. Perikan. Dan Kelaut., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 124–130, 2018.
[12] N. Amelia and S. B. Prayitno, “Effect of Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava) to Inactivate Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) in Duck Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus),” J. Aquac. Manag. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 264–278, 2012.
[13] P. E. Sudaryatma and A. T. Lestari, “Immunohistochemistry Pathogenicity of Viral Nervous Necrosis of Bali Field Isolates Infected in Cultivated Tiger Grouper,” Acta Vet. Indones., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 54–61, 2014, doi: 10.29244/avi.2.2.54-61.
[14] F. Padrós, M. Caggiano, A. Toffan, M. Constenla, C. Zarza, and S. Ciulli, “Integrated Management Strategies for Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) Disease Control in Marine Fish Farming in the Mediterranean,” Pathogens, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 330, 2022.
[15] E. Juniar, K. Kurniasih, and B. Sumiarto, “Risk factors of a Viral Nervous Necrosis Disease in Grouper (Epinephelus spp.) Cultured in Bintan District, Indonesia,” Vet. World, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1558–1563, 2018.
[16] S. Zrnčić et al., “Transmission Pathways of the VNN Introduced in Croatian Marine Aquaculture,” Pathogens, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 418, 2022.
[17] N. C. Prihartini, “Pathognomic Distribution of Virulence VNN (Viral Nervous Necrotic) on Tilapia Seeds (Oreochromis sp.),” Samakia J. Ilmu Perikan., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 51–56, 2016.
[18] R. Yuwanita, U. Yanuhar, and Hardoko, “Pathognomonic of Viral Nervous Necrotic (VNN) Virulence on Larvae of Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis),” Adv. Environ. Biol., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1074–1081, 2013.
[19] A. Rahmawanti, D. N. Setyowati, and A. Mukhlis, “Histopathological of Brain, Eye, Liver, Spleen Organs of Grouper Suspected VNN in Penyambuan Village, North Lombok,” J. Biol. Trop., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 140, 2021.
[20] A. Khumaidi, M. Fadjar, F. Iranawati, Y. Kilawati, and U. Yanuhar, “Mass Mortality Associated with Viral Nervous Necrosis of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus sp.) Cultured in City of Grouper,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2120, no. July 2019, pp. 1–8, 2019, doi: 10.1063/1.5115724.
[21] Standar Nasional Indonesia, “Indonesian National Standard Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ,Forsskal 1775 >< Epinephelus lanceolatus ,Bloch 1790) Part 2: Hybrid Seed Production,” Jakarta: BSN, 2014, p. 9.
[22] M. J. Zorriehzahra et al., “Impact of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) Disease as a New Threat to Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, a Review,” Iran. J. Virol., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 42–57, 2019.
[23] K. Mahardika, I. Mastuti, and S. Ismi, “Effect of Temperature and Inoculum Time of VNN on Pathogenicity of Beautiful Hybrid Grouper Seeds,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan Kelautan, 2016, vol. VI, no. A5, pp. 14–20.
[24] K. Yuasa, I. Koesharyani, and K. Mahardika, “Effect of high water temperature on betanodavirus infection of fingerling humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis,” Fish Pathol., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 219–221, 2007.
[25] N. Ariff, A. Abdullah, M. N. A. Azmai, N. Musa, and S. C. Zainathan, “Risk Factors Associated with Viral Nervous Necrosis in Hybrid Groupers in Malaysia and the High Similarity of its Causative Agent Nervous Necrosis Virus to Reassortant Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus/Striped Jack Nervous Necrosis Virus Strains,” Vet. World, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1273–1284, 2019.
[26] U. Yanuhar, D. T. Rahayu, M. Musa, and D. Arfiati, “The Identification of Plankton, Water Quality, Blood Cell, and Histology in Culture Pond of Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus which Infected by Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN),” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 137, no. 1, 2018.
[27] I. Bandín and S. Souto, “Betanodavirus and VER Disease : A 30-year,” Pathogens, vol. 9, pp. 1–46, 2020.
Published
2022-10-31
How to Cite
SUSANTI, Ni Putu Nadya et al.
The Analysis of Clinical sign, Mortality and Histopathology of Cantang Grouper Infected with VNN in Recirculating Aquaculture System.
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 3, p. 67-71, oct. 2022.
ISSN 2622-0628.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/atbes/article/view/88118>. Date accessed: 29 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/ATBES.2022.v06.i03.p01.
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